History of London from Romans to Modern Days

I Study the active vocabulary and focus on Ukrainian equivalents of English words. Use three words in your sentences.

destination – пункт призначення

competition  – конкуренція

remote  – віддалений

outpost  – форпост

host  – приймати

county  – графство

decline – занепадати

abandon – покинути

tear  – розривати

invasion – вторгнення

clash of cultures – зіткнення культур

medieval  – середньовічний

archery – стрільба з лука

tournament – турнір

plague  – чума

outbreak – спалах

disaster  – катастрофа

maritime – морський

vibrant  – яскравий

II Vocabulary focus. Study the words and  word combinations, check your understanding using flashcards, practise their translation, spelling. Check your knowledge in the test. Play matching vocabulary game (match words to their translations to make cards disappear)  and save theplanet from asteroids by typing in correct translation of the words.

https://quizlet.com/350563543/history-of-londonfrom-romans-to-modern-days-flash-cards/?new

III Match the words with their meanings. Use four words in your sentences.

desired; pinnacle; worldwide; competition; iconic; significantly; decline; court;

conquer; unprecedented ; wealth

1.    a large amount of money or valuable possessions

2.    that is wanted

3.    very famous or popular, especially because it represents particular time

4.    a situation in which someone is trying to be more successful than someone else

5.    by a large amount

6.    existing in all parts of the world

7.    never having happened in the past

8.    to gradually become less, worse

9.    the most successful  part  or achievement

10.to take control of foreign land by force

11.the official home of a queen or king

IV Match the numbers in the list to make facts about London. Watch the video and check your answers.

1300; 1666; 50; 20; 45,000; 1/3; 1040s

1.    The year when the Roman founded Londinium =

2.    The population of Londinium in the second century =

3.    The height of the wall surrounding Londinium =

4.    The period of time Edward the Confessor moved his court to Westminster Abbey=

5.    The part of the London population killed by the Black Death =

6.    The year the Great Fire of London broke out =

7.    The number of houses destroyed by the Great Fire of London =

V Watch the video and fill in the missing words.

London is one of the most 1)________ cities of the modern world. While being one of the most 2)________ tourist 3)________, London also has a great political and 4)________ influence worldwide. And for several 5)________ the capital city of the British 6)________ was the centre of the world with no competition.

It’s hard to imagine that around 2,000 years ago this 7)________ city was just a 8)________ outpost town for another great world 9)________ of its time, the Roman Empire. Romans 10)________ the city about 50 AD and called it Londinium. They decided that it was a great 11)________ to build a port. By the end of the second century Roman London had a population of 45,000 and a 20 foot high 12)________ around it. Like most of the other Roman cities it had a 13)________, public baths, and an amphitheatre 14)________ to Roman Colosseum that could hold 8,000 people and was hosting gladiator fights. Although modern London is 15)________ bigger these days, Roman London still 16)________ at the heart of it, but is more known as the Square Mile or the City of London, or just the City, the well-known 17)________ centre of United Kingdom. Although being a part of London, City is officially a 18)________ county and has a dedicated 19)________ and local authorities, but back to Romans.

When the Empire was 20)________, Rome refused to send new soldiers to London and by 407 AD the city was completely 21)________. For the next 600 or so years the area was torn between the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes, and the Vikings. These were the centuries of constant 22)________ and clashes of cultures. In the 1040s King Edward the Confessor 23)________ his court to Westminster Abbey, and so London became a 24)________ city. Soon another group of invaders, Normans, 25)________ Westminster Abbey and crowned their King William there. William built a castle and a 26)________ for himself from which he 27)________ his newly conquered territories. His home is now known as the Tower of London.

VI VI Open the brackets and fill in the gaps with the Active or Passive Voice of the verbs in brackets. Then watch the video and check your answers.

Medieval London 1)_____(grow) bigger and was a lively place. It had a horse market where horse races and public executions took place attracting large crowds. Londoners 2)_____(enjoy) archery tournaments, wrestling and ice-skating in winters but it also could be a brutal place to live. For example, the city had suffered from numerous plague outbreaks. The biggest one known as the Black Death which 3)_____(kill) almost 1/3 of the city population. But the biggest disaster to hit London of that time was the Great Fire of 1666. Most of the buildings of the City 4)_____(make) of wood, and when a small fire 5)_____(start) in a baker’s house, the wind 6)_____(spread) the fire rapidly across the town. More than 1300 houses 7)_____(destroy) before sailors 8)_____(manage) to stop the fire. To prevent such a disaster from happening again the king commanded that all new houses in London should 9)_____(build) of brick and stone. Despite the disasters, London was growing bigger and wealthier particularly when the British Empire was becoming more powerful in the world. Colonisation and maritime-driven trade 10)_____(provide) the Empire with unprecedented wealth turning London into the world’s busiest port city and a banking capital by the 18th century. The pinnacle of London’s accelerated development was during Queen Victoria’s reign, when the population of the city 11)_____(grow) from 1 million to 6 million in just one century.  This was a result of dynamic industrialization, railway construction as well as the opening of the first ever underground metro in 1863.

In the 20^th century the city 12)_____(shape) by two world wars. Particularly during World War II London heavily 13)_____(damage) and tens of thousands 14)_____( kill) by the intensive bombing of the City.

Today London is a vibrant and multicultural city of almost nine million and 15)_____(remain) one of the world capitals of finance, art and fashion. So if you had a chance to spend a day in any historical period of London of your choice, which year would it be and why?  

VII Watch the video and answer the questions

1 When was London founded?

2 Why was the location near the Thames chosen for the city?

3 Was London an important centre for economy and commerce in all periods of its history?

4 What tribes fought for control over London?

5 What invaders conquered London?

6 What was the role of Edward the Confessor I the history of London?

7 What were the leisure activities of the population in medieval London?

8 What made London a dangerous city to live in?

9 What were the biggest disasters that shaped London?

10 What period of time is believed to be the period of the fastest development of the city?

11 What part of London is the City?

  

VIII Restore the word order in the sentences.

1) biggest / of / and / cities / one / capital / England / the / is / / the / the / of / city / London / world. / in

2) the / back / by / history / to / London’s / Romans, / named / who / its / it / goes / Londinium. / founding

3) history / began / when / William the Conqueror / medieval / / newly / Westminster Abbey. / of / England / a / was / London / king / crowned / / The / ceremony / / finished / of / the / in / at
4) from / Thames. / first / / Roman / / across / original / London Bridge / the / stone / mere / the / bridge / 1176 / was / In / yards / the / built,

5) Many / the / of / city / streets / were / after / in / which / trade / particular / the / practiced / named / there. / the

6) Bread Street / district, / for / / and / tailor’s / kept / milking. / the / / / had / For /  Threadneedle Street / Milk Street / example, / bakeries, / was / on / cows / were


Check your answers below

I Match the words with their meanings. Use four words in your sentences. 1. wealth 2. desired 3. iconic 4. competition 5. significantly 6. worldwide 7. unprecedented 8. decline 9. pinnacle 10. conquer 11. court II Match the numbers in the list to make facts about London. Watch the video and check your answers. 1. The year when the Roman founded Londinium = 50 AD 2. The population of Londinium in the second century = 45,000 3. The height of the wall surrounding Londinium =20 4. The period of time Edward the Confessor moved his court to Westminster Abbey= 1040s 5. The part of the London population killed by the Black Death =1/3 6. The year the Great Fire of London broke out =1666 7. The number of houses destroyed by the Great Fire of London =1300 III Watch the video and fill in the missing words. 1) important 2) desired 3) destinations 4) economic 5) centuries 6) Empire 7) iconic 8) remote 9) superpower 10) founded 11) place 2) wall 13) forum 14) similar 15) significantly 16) remains 17) financial 18) separate 19) mayor 20) declining 21) abandoned 22) invasions 23) moved 24) royal 25) conquered 26) fortress 27) controlled IV Open the brackets and fill in the gaps with the Active or Passive Voice of the verbs in brackets. Watch the video and check your answers. 1) was growing 2) enjoyed 3) killed 4) were made 5) started 6) spread 7) were destroyed 8) managed 9) be built 10) provided 11) grew 12) was shaped 13) damaged tens of thousands 14) were killed 15) remains VI Restore the word order in the sentences. 1) London is the capital city of England and one of the biggest cities in the world. 2) London’s history goes back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. 3) The medieval history of London began when William the Conqueror was crowned king of England in a ceremony at the newly finished Westminster Abbey. 4) In 1176 the first stone London Bridge was built, mere yards from the original Roman bridge across the Thames. 5) Many of the streets in the city were named after the particular trade which practiced there. 6) For example, Threadneedle Street was the tailor’s district, Bread Street had bakeries, and on Milk Street cows were kept for milking.