The Art History of the Selfie

The Art History of the Selfie

I Lead-in.

A)  What is a portrait? What is a self-portrait? How did photography influence portraiture, especially now, when so many people have access to a camera?

B)   What the differences in poses and the timing of a photograph: the candid versus the highly-posed? Which photos do you prefer?

C)   What is a selfie? How would you explain the concept of a selfie to an alien (a visitor from a different planet)?

D)  Take three minutes to write down the words that you associate with ‘selfie’. Compare your lists with other students. Get ready to comment on some of the associations you have.

E)   What is good about taking selfies? Why don’t some people like selfies?

F)   What makes a good selfie in your opinion?

G)  What are the most famous or popular selfies of or times? Why are they so famous?

II Study the active vocabulary and focus on Ukrainian equivalents of English words.

recipient одержувач

vanity марнославство

persist залишатися

nonetheless тим не менш

art history історія мистецтва

self-portrait автопортрет

dawn початок

desire бажання

canonize  канонізувати

race гонка

profit одержувати прибуток

exciting захоплюючий

skill майстерність

amateur любитель

to get to know дізнатися

startling вражаючий

capture схопити

at arm’s length на відстані простягнутої руки

hand-held ручний

shutter затвор (фотографічний)

release спуск (затвору у фотоапараті)

III Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the words from the list. There are some words you don’t need to use.

services; alone; experience; desire; clone; professional; sorry; technology; mirrors; narcissism; develop; shutter; photographer; light; optics; indicator; cheese; assistants; human; art history; motivated; motivation; wrong; devices; cameras; stutter; back; nonetheless; demonstrate; optician; photography; jumping; selfie; people; desired; self-portraits; pictures

The 1)_____ is the recipient of so much hate that I almost feel 2)_____for it. Often seen is the surest 3)_____of vanity or 4)_____, the selfie persists 5)_____. We want to do it. We have to do it.  But why? Maybe 6)__  ___ can tell us.

7)_____have been making photographic 8)_____ since the dawn of 9)_____. In fact, Robert Cornelius took this one and wrote on the 10)_____, “the first 11)_____picture ever taken”, 1839. He was 12)_____, as it happens. There are earlier photographs. But I see his selfie act as one 13)_____by need. He was probably working 14)_____in a room, and the 15)_____to canonize himself as the earliest 16)_____, during a time when there was a bit of a race to 17)_____ and profit from this exciting new 18)_____. But as soon as there were 19)_____, people used them to take 20)_____ of themselves. Photographers took self-portraits to 21)_____their skills and sell their 22)_____. Both amateur and 23)_____ photographers took selfies to get to know their new 24)_____, to understand the 25)_____ at play, and to have the startling 26)_____ of capturing one’s own image in a way that had never before been possible in all of 27)_____ history. They did this with the aid of 28)_____, or alone, as Cornelius was, quickly 29)_____ in front of the camera, or with the aid of 30)_____, of course, or by holding the camera at arm’s length – say 31)_____– or with hand-held 32)_____releases that made things quite a bit easier.

IV Find words and expressions that match the definitions. Use three words or words combinations in your sentences.

1.    a photograph that you take of yourself , usually with a mobile phone

2.    an extremely strong dislike

3.    the fact that you are too interested  in your appearance or achievements

4.    a picture or a photograph   that you make of or about yourself

5.    a picture produced using  camera  

6.    a person who takes photographs, either as a job or hobby

7.    a method of using science in practice

8.    a device  for taking photographs

9.    an ability to do something well because you have practised it

10. a person who does something for pleasure, not as a job

11.a shiny piece of glass that reflects light and images

V Match the words from two columns to make collocations used in the text. Use four collocations in your sentences.

1.	recipient	a)	experience of capturing
2.	art	b)	photographs
3.	photographic	c)	self-portraits
4.	to take	d)	to canonize
5.	light	e)	pictures
6.	the desire	f)	history
7.	exciting new	g)	selfies
8.	to take	h)	photographers
9.	to take	i)	history
10.	amateur	j)	self-portraits
11.	professional	k)	shutter releases
12.	to take	l)	picture
13.	to get	m)	to know
14.	the startling	n)	of hate
15.	human	o)	photographers
16.	at arm’s	p)	technology
17.	hand-held	q)	length

VI Watch the part of the video and answer the questions.

1)    Is the selfie popular among all people?

2)    What negative attitudes or qualities does selfie represent?

3)    When did people start taking photographic self-portraits?

4)    When was the picture believed to be “the first light picture ever taken” taken? Was it really the first photograph?

5)    Why did professional photographers take self-portraits?

6)    What did photographers want to learn when they experimented with selfies?

7)    How could photographers take self-portraits many years ago (did they need help)?

VII Study the active vocabulary and focus on Ukrainian equivalents of English words.

develop проявляти

angle кут

photo booth фотокабінка

decade десятиліття

span період часу

distortion викривлення

involve залучати

inspire надихати

embrace приймати

avenue шлях

darkroom темна кімната (фотолабораторія)

exploratory дослідницький

solarized сонячний

purportedly нібито

perfect удосконалювати

show off  хизуватися

bearded бородатий

warp викривляти

enlarger збільшувач

fun-house балаган

chronicler літописець

shop window вітрина

hubcap ковпак колеса

capture схопити

landscape краєвид

VIII Watch the video and put the names of the photographers and artists in the order the speaker mentions or shows them (1-12).

For example: Alfred Stieglitz - 1

Vivian Maier

Georgia O’Keeffe

Berenice Abbott

Imogen Cunningham

Alfred Stieglitz - 1

Andy Warhol

Edward Steichen

Man Ray

Ilse Bing

Erwin Blumenfeld

Lee Friedlander

Walker Evans

IX Match the words with their meanings.

to perfect; angle; purportedly; career; landscape; experimentation; Dada; Surrealism; enlarger; resist; dress up; shop window; chronicler; snap; great; studio

1.    very important

2.    a room with special equipment where photographs are taken

3.    a direction from which we approach something

4.    a job or jobs people have in their life

5.    a movement in art that stressed illogical and absurd

6.    a type of 20th-century art  showing unusual or impossible things

7.    the process of trying methods. to discover their effect 

8.    in a way that is stated to be true, but this may not be the case

9.    to make perfect

10.a piece of equipment used by photographers to make photographs bigger

11.to put on special clothes to change your appearance

12.a person who writes about important or historical events

13.to fight against something

14.to take a lot of photographs quickly

15.a display window of a store

16.a view  of the countryside

X Watch the video and choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

Most of the great photographic/photographers/photograph took self-portraits. Alfred Stieglitz took this one/someone/none in 1907, but didn’t paint/printed/print it until 1930 when he gave it as a gift/giver/give to his wife, Georgia O’Keeffe. His friend Edward Steichen took these two self-portraits in his studies/studio/studied around 1917. Photographers showed themselves doing what they do, taking/do/taken pictures, development/envelope/developing pictures. One of Ilse Bing’s best known photographs is of herself, a brilliant mirage/mirror/image portrait capturing from multiple gel/angles/angelic the moment the picture is taken. We don’t know why Walker Evans took this self-portrait in his studio in 1927. But perhaps he was playing around/surround/ground, testing his shutter spit/sped/speed. And a couple of years later, he took the series/cereal/serials in a photo booth, decades before Andy Warhol did it. Weegee the Famous took more than 1,500 self-portraits during the pan/span/spinning of his career, some as part of his distract/distortion/abortion series. Photographers involved with and inspired/perspired/transpired by Dada and Super realistic/Surrealism/Supremacist embraced the self-portrait as an avenue for experimented/experimentation/fragmented. Erwin Blumenfeld took this mirror portrait early in his career with his family surrounding/grounding/applauding him, and went on to use his technical expert is/expertise/experimented in the darkroom to make a series of exploratory/explanation/explained portraits throughout his life. Man Ray took this solarized self-portrait in 1932, and this one the same year, purportedly just after his lover, Lee Miller, left him. A decade later, he protected/affected/perfected and showed off the half-bearded look/looked/like. And Berenice Abbott warped the photographic papered/paper/vapour under an enlarger to berate/create/creature this self-portrait. Imogen Cunningham took experimental self-portraits throughout her life, from this one, taken in 1909 of her dress cup/dressed up/messed up as if it were 1863, to this one with her camera in the 1920s, another with her grand/grandchildren/grandparent/ in a fun-house mirror, and one near the end of her life in a mannequin/broken/token mirror. Vivian Maier  and other chroniclers of the street/steel/meet and American life in the 1950s and ‘60s often couldn’t resist clapped/snowing/snapping their own image as it reflected in shop windows, hubcaps, and purity/security/insecurity mirrors. Lee Friedlander captured a number of images of himself in willows/windows/widows and on the road as he documented the American escaped/seascapes/landscape of the ‘60s.

XI Match the words from two columns to make collocations used in the text. Use four collocations in your sentences.

1.	give as	1.	of his career
2.	to develop	2.	portrait
3.	mirror	3.	paper
4.	photo	4.	expertise
5.	the span	5.	his life
6.	an avenue	6.	a gift
7.	technical	7.	own image
8.	throughout	8.	windows
9.	photographic	9.	pictures
10.	chroniclers of	10.	mirrors
11.	snapping one’s	11.	booth
12.	shop	12.	landscape
13.	security	13.	road
14.	on the	14.	for experimentation
15.	documented the American	15.	the street and American life

XII Watch the part of the video and mark the sentences as True (T) or False (F).

1)    Only amateur photographers took self-portraits.

2)    Photographers showed themselves taking pictures or developing pictures.

3)    Sometimes photographers were playing around, testing new shutter speed when they took self-portraits.

4)     Andy Warhol was the first artist to take the series of photos in a photo booth.

5)    Photographers involved with and inspired by Dada and Surrealism never took self-portraits and thought they were a useless form of experimentation.

6)    Imogen Cunningham took experimental self-portraits with her grandparents in a fun-house mirror.

7)    Vivian Maier  was the chronicler of the street and British life in the 1990s.

8)    Lee Friedlander took  images of himself in windows and on the road.

XIII Study the active vocabulary and focus on Ukrainian equivalents of English words.

point of view точка зору

intricately заплутано

variety безліч

approach підхід

performative виконавчий

immerse занурити

masculine чоловічий

alter-ego альтер его

spellbinding що зачаровує

frame кадр

obscure затемнювати

 intimate інтимний

enigmatic загадковий

notion поняття

femininity жіночність

sexuality статтєва відмінність

scar залишати шрами

gender стать

greaser зухвалий пройдисвіт

malleability піддатливість

mortality смертність

incomparable незрівнянний

enact ставити на сцені

character персонаж

observe спостерігати

untitled без назви

still кадр

landmark поворотний пункт

guise личина

fictional character вигаданий персонаж

tremendous величезний

concern занепокоєння

representation зображення

revulsion відторгнення

aging старіння

XIV Watch the video and put the names of the photographers and artists in the order the speaker mentions or shows them (1-7).

For example: Ana Mendieta - 1

Adrian Piper

Robert Mapplethorpe

Andy Warhol

Francesca Woodman

Cindy Sherman

Ana Mendieta - 1

Hannah Wilkie

XV Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the missing letters. 

These p _ ctures not only show us a bit of what life was like at the time, but also firmly attach the image to an individual po _ nt of v _  _ w,                   _ ntr _ cat _ ly tied to the person taking the picture. The 1970s saw a v _ r _  _ ty of  _ ppro _ ches to s _ lf-portraitur _ . Ana Mendieta’s self-portraits were p _ rform _ t _ v _ , documentation of actions in which she  _ mm _ rs _ d her body in nature. Adrian Piper became her m _ scul _ n _    _ lt _ r- _ go, the myth _ c  b _  _ ng, and tested how the world r _ spond _ d to her and she to the world. Francesca Woodman took this          sp _ llb _ nd _ ng self-portrait when she was just 13, and in her short life, produced image after image, including herself in the fr_m_, but often obscur _ ng her presence, giving us pictures that are  _ nt _ m _ te, but  _ nigm _ t _ c. Hannah Wilkie put to use her own body to question not _ ons of f _ m _ n _ n _ ty and s _ xual _ ty, posing like a fashion model while her face and body are sc _ rred with c _ _ _ing  g_m shaped into tiny vulvas. Robert Mapplethorpe explored g _ nd _ r and sexuality in two self-portrait photographs from 1980, appearing in one w _  _ ring m _ k _ up and in another as a hyp _ r-m _ scul _ n _    _  _ s _ r. And Andy Warhol not only made use of the photo booth in the ‘60s, but turned the camera around on himself again and again,  _ xploring the m _ ll _  _ b _ l _ ty of his own id _ ntity, his p_w_r as a br_n_, as well as his mort _ l _ ty. Cindy Sherman began her  _ nc_mp _ r _ ble parade of self-portraits with a series for which she  _ n _ ct _ d ch _ r _ ct _ rs obs _ rv _ d on a bus ride. A few years later came untitled film stills, her l _ ndm _ rk series for which she took on a variety of gu _ ses, appearing as f _ ct _ onal ch _ r _ cters caught in filmic moments. Sherman has gone on to create a tr _ m _ nd_us body of w_rk, all positioning herself before the camera to examine a wide range of conc _ rns – class and g _ nd _ r identity, the nature of r _ pr _ s _ ntat _ on, our f _  _ rs and r _ v_ls_ _n, and ag _ ng.

XVI Find words and expressions that match the definitions. Use three words or words combinations in your sentences.

1.    an opinion

2.    in a difficult and complicated manner

3.    a man, a woman, or a child

4.    a way of doing something

5.    animals, plants, sea, mountains, etc.

6.    one picture of the series

7.    mysterious

8.    to express doubts about something

9.    characteristics traditionally associated with a woman

10.a sweet that you keep in your mouth and chew to get its flavour

11.cosmetics

12.a printed mark, a trademark

13.an unpleasant feeling when a person is frightened

XVII Match the words from two columns to make collocations used in the text. Use four collocations in your sentences.

1.	point	1.	notions
2.	a variety	2.	alter-ego
3.	masculine	3.	ride
4.	mythic	4.	gum
5.	to question	5.	characters
6.	fashion	6.	of view
7.	chewing	7.	body of work
8.	power as	8.	being
9.	bus	9.	a brand
10.	film	10.	of approaches
11.	fictional	11.	stills
12.	tremendous	12.	identity
13.	class and gender	13.	model

XVIII Watch the part of the video and answer the questions.

1)    What can self-portraits show? Are they just the images of a person?

2)    What experimental approaches to self-portraits were mentioned in this part of the video? What did artists and photographers want to show or explore in each case?

3)    What effect did obscuring the image of a photographer in a self-portrait create?

4)     What did Andy Warhol explore with the help of self-portraits?

5)    What fictional or imaginary characters did photographers represent in their self-portraits?

6)    What concerns did photographers examine with the help of self-portraits?

XIX Study the active vocabulary and focus on Ukrainian equivalents of English words.

iconic знаковий

ambiguous неоднозначний

ambassador посол

blend змішувати

trope переносне значення

queer представник сексуальних меншин

observer спостерігач

diaristic схожий на щоденник

ultimately зрештою

abusive relationship нездорові стосунки в яких партнер мучить іншого (фізично та\або психологічно)

overcome подолати

censorship цензура

mistreatment жорстоке поводження

blur робити нечітким

XX Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the missing words. 

Tseng Kwong Chi made over 100 1)_____, posing in front of iconic 2)_____in an 3)_____persona he called his Chinese ambiguous 4)_____. A 5)_____of artists have adopted related strategies, like Yasumasa Murimura, Nikki S. Lee, Yinka Shonibare, and Kallup Linzy. In the ‘90s, we see Carrie Mae Weems blend 6)_____and autobiography, sitting at her own 7)_____table in a series examining tropes and 8)_____of African-American life. And we also see Catherine Opie present her own 9)_____alongside portraits of other members of San Francisco’s queer 10)_____. She shows herself not as an 11)_____, but as part of the group she’s portraying. Approaches like Nan Goldin’s are deeply personal and diaristic. This photograph marks the end of her 12)__  ___, "The Ballad of Sexual Dependency," that tells the 13)_____of her life at the time, including her 14)_____and ultimately abusive 15)_____with a man. Jen Davis began a long-term self-portraiture project in 2002, exploring her 16)_____with her body, men, and the 17)_____. Ai Weiwei took several self-portraits while living in New York in the 1980s, documenting his life and 18)_____far before he discovered 19)___    __and used it as a massively effective tool for 20)_____, overcoming censorship, and as testimony to his own 21)_____. And here’s where the lines really start to blur between the 22)_____self-portraiture we’ve seen for over a 23)_____and the selfies of today.

XXI Match the words with their meanings.

mistreatment; observer; tool; censorship; autobiography; ambassador; strategy; subculture; social media; fiction; passionate; stereotype; ambiguous

1.    having or expressing more than one possible meaning

2.    an official representative

3.    a careful plan or method

4.    the  story  about imaginary characters 

5.    the biography of a person narrated by this person

6.    a standardized mental picture

7.    group of people in a society that are different from the rest of that society

8.    a person who watches what happens

9.    having very strong feelings or emotions

10.websites  that help people to communicate and share information 

11.something that helps you to do a particular activity

12.the act of censoring books, films, etc.

13.bad or cruel treatment

XXII Match the words from two columns to make collocations used in the text. Use four collocations in your sentences.

1.	iconic	1.	stereotypes
2.	blend	2.	show
3.	to examine	3.	the group
4.	part of	4.	media
5.	deeply	5.	fiction and autobiography
6.	slide	6.	censorship
7.	abusive	7.	relationship
8.	long-term	8.	tool
9.	social	9.	spots
10.	effective	10.	blur
11.	overcome	11.	personal
12.	lines start to	12.	project

XXIII Watch the part of the video and mark the sentences as True (T) or False (F).

1)    Some photographers posed in front of iconic spots in an invented persona.

2)    Some photographers used self-portraits to explore political and economic situation in their city.

3)    Sometimes self-portraits could tell personal stories of photographer’s abusive relationships.

4)    Other photographers used self-portraits to explore their relationship with their government, pets, and money.

5)    Photographers soon understood that social media were a massively effective tool for communication.

6)    Photographs on social media could help overcome censorship.

7)    The lines between the photographic self-portraiture we’ve seen for over a century and the selfies of today are always clearly defined.

XXIV Study the active vocabulary and focus on Ukrainian equivalents of English words.

sampling вибірка

skewed повернений вбік

run-of-the-mill звичайний

unfortunate невдалий

pocket кишеня

medium середовище

up to you вам вирішувати

affirm стверджувати

reveal розкривати

conceal приховувати

question ставити питання

subvert порушувати

gaze погляд

bear witness свідчити

subject суб’єкт

glimpse побіжне враження

resonance  звучність

apologetic який виправдовується

go forth ідти вперед

XXV Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the words from the list. There are some words you don’t need to use.

glimpse; artist; sampling; ease; apologetic; average; dwell; different; face; unfortunate; nature; potential; motivations; unfortunately; selfies; images; affirm; self-portraiture; pockets; erase; why; firmly; witness; encode; function; subvert; conceal; well; Europe; examines; democratic; stayed; up

motivations; subject; ourselves; decode; art; enormous; considerably; motive

I’ve shown you only a brief 1)______ of the 2)______ history of photographic 3)______, and one heavily skewed toward artists working in America and 4)______. The 5)______ with which we can now take pictures of 6)______ and share them has changed the game 7)______. But in my mind, the basic 8)______ and potential for expression have 9)______ the same. I am not saying all 10)______ are art. Dear God, no. But I am saying that there’s not really a difference in 11)______ between a photographic self-portrait made by an 12)______ and your run-of-the-mill selfie. There are a ton of really bad, deeply 13)______ selfies out there. But the quality of the 14)______ technology many of us carry around in our 15)______ is astounding, and has made a fairly 16)______ medium even more democratic.

Whether you call it particular selfie art or not is 17)______ to you. Selfies 18)______ in many 19)______ ways. They 20)______. They reveal. They 21)______. They question. They 22)______ the male gaze. They bear 23)______. They put the control in the hands of the 24)______. You decide how and when and 25)______. We can’t know, and will never know the exact 26)______ behind most selfies. But that’s what 27)______ do. That’s what they’re for. They give us a 28)______. They show us a 29)______, a certain person in a place and time. And it’s up to us to read them and 30)______ them. What I’m trying to say is that a selfie has been 31)______ and can be art. There’s great 32)______ and resonance in this form of making. And I, for one, don’t think we should be 33)______ about it. Go forth and selfie. Just try to do it 34)______.

XXVI Match the words from two columns to make collocations used in the text. Use four collocations in your sentences.

1.	a brief	a)	motivations
2.	enormous	b)	history
3.	change	c)	medium
4.	basic	d)	a glimpse
5.	potential	e)	sampling
6.	democratic	f)	witness
7.	bear	g)	forth
8.	give	h)	the game
9.	go	i)	for expression

XXVII Watch the part of the video and mark the sentences as True (T) or False (F).

1)      The history of photographic self-portraiture in the video focuses on Asian and African photographers and artists.

2)      Now we can take pictures of ourselves and share them and it has changed the game considerably.

3)      The motivations and potential for expression of a photographic self-portrait and a selfie are different.

4)      All selfies are art.

5)      There’s no big difference in nature between a photographic self-portrait made by an artist and a run-of-the-mill selfie.

6)      There are a lot of really bad, deeply unfortunate selfies.

7)      The quality of the average technology many of us carry around in our pockets is still very bad.

8)      Selfies function in many different ways.

9)      Selfies always  reveal and support the male gaze.

10)  Selfies put the control in the hands of the viewer.

11)  We will never know the exact motivations behind most selfies.

12)  All images give us a glimpse, show us a face, a certain person in a place and time.

13)  Only artists can decode images.

XXVIII Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions from the list. Watch all parts of the video to check your answers.

Of; ; of; in; in; at; of; from; with; in; at; around; up; in; of; of; for; in; of; on; off; toward; for; throughout; of; in; of; to; with; of; by; of; on; in; of; of; of; in; at; by; on; in; of; of

1.  Selfie is often seen as the indicator ____vanity or narcissism

2.  Erwin Blumenfeld took exploratory portraits ____his life.

3.  I’ve shown you only a brief sampling ____the enormous history of photographic self-portraiture, and one heavily skewed ____artists working in America and Europe.

4.  Some photographers took selfies by holding the camera ____arm’s length.

5.  Lee Friedlander captured a number ____images of himself ____windows and ____the road.

6.  Andy Warhol made use ____the photo booth in the ‘60s.

7.  Photographers involved ____and inspired ____Dada and Surrealism embraced the self-portrait as an avenue ____experimentation.

8.  Tseng Kwong Chi made over 100 images, posing ____front ____iconic spots.

9.  ____fact, Robert Cornelius wrote ____the back of his picture, “the first light picture ever taken”, 1839.

10.          It was an act motivated ____need.

11.          I almost feel sorry ____it.

12.          Weegee the Famous took more than 1,500 self-portraits during the span ____his career.

13.          Ana Mendieta immersed her body ____nature.

14.          People have been making photographic self-portraits since the dawn ____ photography.

15.          Photographers wanted to understand the optics ____play, and to have the startling experience ____capturing one’s own image ____a way that had never before been possible ____all of human history.

16.          Sherman has gone on to create a tremendous body ____work.

17.          Imogen Cunningham took this self-portrait ____1909 dressed ____as if it were 1863.

18.          The 1970s saw a variety ____approaches ____self-portraiture.

19.          Photographers wanted to profit ____this exciting new technology.

20.          Cindy Sherman enacted characters observed ____a bus ride.

21.          These pictures not only show us a bit of what life was like ____the time, but also firmly attach the image to an individual point ____view.

22.          People used cameras to take pictures of themselves.

23.          The selfie is the recipient ____ so much hate.

24.          But the quality of the average technology many of us carry ____    ____our pockets is astounding.

25.          They did this ____the aid ____assistants, or alone  quickly jumping ____front ____the camera.

26.          He showed ____the half-bearded look.

XXIX Match the names of artists and photographers to the ways they created photographic self-portraits or the goals they used those self-portraits for.  Write sentences about the photographers in the Past Simple tense. Watch all the parts of the video to check your answers.

For example: 1 e

Ilse Bing took a mirror portrait capturing from multiple angles the moment the picture is taken.

1.	Ilse Bing	a)	use self-portraits and social media for communication an overcoming censorship.
2.	Weegee the Famous	b)	examine stereotypes of African-American life.
3.	Erwin Blumenfeld	c)	exlore the malleability of his own identity, his power as a brand, as well as his mortality.
4.	Man Ray	d)	present her own image not as an observer, but as part of the group she’s portraying.
5.	Berenice Abbott	e)	take a mirror portrait capturing from multiple angles the moment the picture is taken.
6.	Imogen Cunningham	f)	become her masculine alter-ego.
7.	Imogen Cunningham	g)	appear in one self-portrait wearing makeup and in another as a hyper-masculine greaser.
8.	Vivian Maier	h)	create distortion series of photographs.
9.	Lee Friedlander	i)	explore her relationship with her body, men, and the camera.
10.	Ai Weiwei	j)	take a mirror portrait with his family surrounding him.
11.	Ana Mendieta	k)	document the American landscape of the ‘60s.
12.	Adrian Piper	l)	perfect and show off his half-bearded look.
13.	Francesca Woodman	m)	take a self-portrait in a broken mirror.
14.	Hannah Wilkie	n)	enact characters observed on a bus ride.
15.	Robert Mapplethorpe	o)	warp the photographic paper under an enlarger to create her self-portrait.
16.	Andy Warhol	p)	immerse her body in nature.
17.	Andy Warhol	q)	take a self-portrait dressed up as if it were 1863.
18.	Cindy Sherman	r)	appear as fictional characters caught in filmic moments.
19.	Cindy Sherman	s)	tell the story of her passionate and ultimately abusive relationship with a man.
20.	Tseng Kwong Chi	t)	pose like a fashion model while her face and body are scarred with chewing gum.
21.	Carrie Mae Weems	u)	obscure her presence, giving us pictures that are intimate, but enigmatic.
22.	Catherine Opie	v)	make use of the photo booth in the ‘60s.
23.	Nan Goldin	w)	pose in front of iconic spots in an invented persona.
24.	Jen Davis	x)	snap her own image as it reflected in shop windows, hubcaps, and security mirrors.

XXX OVER TO YOU.

A) Compare two contemporary photographic portraits (portrait in the video or portraits of your choice) to discuss the various ways of making a portrait with a camera. Does photography offer as many options to the portraitist as painting? How can Photoshop and its capabilities influence the process of photography and portrait creation?

B) Choose one the photographic self-portraits demonstrated in the video. Find more information about the photographer who took it. What ideas or concepts did the photographer want to explore of demonstrate taking that self-portrait? Give your opinion: did the photographer successfully show what he/she wanted to show? Why or why not? Why did you choose that self-portrait to comment on?

C) Choose  one of the photographic self-portraits demonstrated in the video (different from the one chosen in task A). Write 4 questions you would like to ask the photographer or the character in the photo.

D) Think of your own photographic self-portrait or a selfie. What would you like to show or explore in such a photo? Take a photo or a selfie and describe the idea behind it (at least 4 sentences: What does the photo show? What idea does it explore? What is the message of the photo?).