Beyond ChatGPT
what chatbots mean for the future
I.
Lead-in. Discuss the questions with other students.
A.
Have you ever interacted with a chatbot? What was your experience like?
B.
Do you think chatbots will become more prevalent in our daily lives? Why
or why not?
C.
How do you think chatbots will impact the job market in the future?
D.
What ethical considerations should be taken into account when developing
and using chatbots?
E.
Have you heard of ChatGPT before? What do you think about the idea of a
machine being able to generate human-like responses?
II.
Match the words to their definitions. Use four words in your sentences.
|
1.
|
to
permeate |
A.
|
the act of
spreading fear or panic in order to influence public opinion or behaviour |
|
2.
|
hype |
B.
|
a message or
signal that encourages someone to take a particular action |
|
3.
|
fear-mongering
|
C.
|
to spread through something and be present in every
part of it |
|
4.
|
homogenised
|
D.
|
a computer
program that automatically completes words or phrases as you start typing
them |
|
5.
|
dystopia
|
E.
|
exaggerated or
sensationalized promotion of something in order to attract interest |
|
6.
|
sophisticated
|
F.
|
made uniform
or standardized |
|
7.
|
autocomplete
|
G.
|
a society or
world that is characterized by extreme poverty, oppression, and suffering |
|
8.
|
prompt |
H.
|
complex and advanced in a
technical sense |
III. Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the
words from the list. There are some words you don’t need to use.
bank; chatbots;
autocomplete; intelligent-sounding; fear-mongering; chatty; music; texts; words;
intelligent; search engine; next word; reporters; machine-learning system; questions;
essays; artificial intelligence; responses; internet
Whether it’s turning on its creator in “Ex Machina”
or looking for love in “AI” or “Her”:
-Hello, I’m
here
1) ________
permeates Hollywood’s blockbusters.
-I’ll be back.
But now, with the arrival of 2) ________like
ChatGPT suddenly AI seems a lot closer to fact than fiction. This has caused
more excitement in the tech world than anything for several years. But it’s
still hard to separate the hype from the 3) ________and informed concerns.
- Homogenised, simple 4)________that are wrong. To
me that leads to some form of dystopia.
So what do
the new AI chatbots mean for the future of the 5) ________and our relationship
with machines?
What is a chatbot? Think of it like an internet 6)
________, although it works differently. To the user, it’s a text box where you
type 7) ________. It’s what it does next that makes it so special.
Chatbots have been around for a while. You’ve
probably talked to a really rubbish one at your 8) ________or maybe your mobile
operator, but they’ve suddenly got a lot better because of a new technology
called generative AI. And this technology involves basically giving lots of
examples of either images or text to a 9) ________, and it then learns to
generate its own. If you use that in a chatbot, you get a much, much cleverer
chatbot.
Chatbots are
trained on billions of 10) ________from the internet. This allows them to learn
which 11) ________are most likely to follow other words in a sentence about any
given subject.
These chatbots are essentially like a very
sophisticated version of the 12) ________on your phone or on your email. So
they’re kind of constantly playing the game of what’s the 13) ________? It
sounds very simple, but it can produce these surprisingly lifelike and 14)
________results.
And
they don’t just answer questions. Generative AI chatbots can write 15)
________, poems or songs. Some can even produce art or 16) ________from text
prompts.
IV.
Match the words to their definitions. Use four words in your sentences.
|
1.
|
to disrupt |
A.
|
money invested in a new business where there is an
element of risk |
|
2.
|
lucrative |
B.
|
the
quality of being free from errors |
|
3.
|
to make waves |
C.
|
at risk |
|
4.
|
at stake |
D.
|
to interrupt or change the normal course of something |
|
5.
|
to follow suit |
E.
|
to take someone's position of power or success |
|
6.
|
venture capital |
F.
|
to
create a significant change in a particular
industry |
|
7.
|
to steal someone’s crown |
G.
|
profitable or able to bring a lot of money |
|
8.
|
accuracy |
H.
|
to do the same thing that someone else has done |
V. Watch the video and choose the correct option to complete the
sentences.
But it’s
the possibility that these new chatbots might disruptive/disrupt/distrust
the lucrative search-engine business that’s been making waves lately.
For most people, search engines, and Google in
particular are sort of the fronting/frontier/front
door of the internet and this has been true for about 25 years. If you want
to look something up or find something out, that’s where you go first. But if
you want to, I don’t know, figured/figure out/feature where to go on holiday
or understand the meaning of a technical term/germ/terminal
or get help writing an essay, then a chatbot might actually be more useful than
a search/searching/research engine.
Silicon Valley is taking note. With Google’s preview/revenue/review from search ads in 2021 reaching around $150bn
there’s a lot at stake. Microsoft and Google are adding chat functions to their
existing search engines. And further afield, China’s Baidu has followed suit.
Last year, venture capital investment in generate/regenerated/generative AI totalled over $1bn.
Investors are hoping with this new tech, someone could steal Google’s crown.
But not
everyone is convinced. John Henshaw is the senior director of search engine optimal/reorganization/optimisation at Vimeo. It’s his job to
know search.
Conversational AI is a solution in search of a
problem. We don’t actually need it. Google already uses machine learner/learning/learned and AI. For accuracy, for factual information, to
understand intercepts/conceptual/concepts. Conversational AI doesn’t do
that.
If chatbots don’t check facts, they can’t be
relied on for search.
A big
problem with these AI chatbots is that they just sometimes get things strong/wrong/long. What it’s doing is just sort of reflecting back to us
stuff that’s already on the internet. It can sometimes combine different
sources to produce aims/frames/claims that aren’t actually true.
When this happens, it’s known as a
hallucination. Just like when a human hallucinates, a chatbot hallucination can
seem realistic, but may in fact have no basis in reality. This is hardly
surprising given that chatbots are trained on text from the internet and a lot
of what’s written online isn’t true.
All these chatbots are doing is putting one
word after another based on the billions of words that they’ve already read on
the internet, so they don’t really know anything or understand anything and
they have no idea of bright/right/sight or wrong or true or false.
And
that’s a problem. A chatbot doesn’t know the difference between an academic
paper and a fictional/fractional/sectional
short story, so it’ll give both equal trait/weight/fate when giving you an answer
that it presents as fully accurate. And because they don’t know what they’re
saying chatbots can demonstrate other strange favours/saviours/behaviours.
1. Your chatbot at some point could
express its ___ for you if that’s how you continue prompting it through a
longer-term interaction.
a) love b) loathing c) loyal
2. In 1966 a computer scientist at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Joseph Weizenbaum, described
something called the “______”.
a) elusive
effect b) ELIZA effect c)
internet effect
3. ELIZA was a project modelled
after the psychotherapeutic techniques of
reflective thinking and ______.
a) self-reflection b)
reflective
listening c) reciprocated listening
4. In ELISA project if I said: “Oh,
gosh, I’m having a bad day”, ELIZA would say: “__________.”
a)
Oh, I am sorry to hear that.
b)
Oh, I am sorry, I cannot help with that.
c)
So tell
me about this bad day
5. Volunteers interacting with ELIZA
appeared to ___________.
a) develop
problem-solving skills
b) develop collaboration
skills
c)
develop
feelings for it
6. Volunteers knew they were
interacting with a machine.
a) knew b) did not know c) never found out
7. Weizenbaum was so ____ by what he
saw, he became an open ____ of AI.
a) disturbed, supporter b) disturbed,
critic
c) disillusioned, supporter
8. _____________ is how we build
bonds with each other.
a) Language and
respect
b) Empathy and
experience
c)
Language
and communication
9. Evoking certain reactions by
triggering either a positive or a negative emotional response ________.
a)
can be
learned
b)
cannot be learned
c)
cannot be replicated
10.In future if the chatbots
understand language, it would be very easy to increase the bonds so that people
actually ____________ with these chatbots.
a) identify
b) relieve their
experiences
c)
believe
that they have a friendship
11.Eugenia Kuyda _________ as a
chatbot to be able to continue to talk to him as an AI after his death.
a)
recreated
her best friend
b)
created a new chatbot
c)
created a virtual friend
12.Today Eugenia’s company, Replika,
offers paying customers an AI companion in the form of a chatbot __________.
a) based on rules to
handle inquiries
b) within a humanoid avatar
c)
for social media platforms
13.The service has over _____ active
users to date.
a) 20m b) 2m c) 12m
14.In future every one of us will
have this AI companion that you can talk to about your personal things but also
_______, and watch Netflix in the evening together, and plan vacations, and so
on.
a)
do things
together with
b)
provide updates
c)
ask you questions
VII.
Match the words to their definitions. Use two words in your
sentences.
|
1.
|
mundane
|
A.
|
made to meet
specific requirements or preferences |
|
2.
|
infinite
|
B.
|
able to make
someone believe something |
|
3.
|
convincing
|
C.
|
easy to
use |
|
4.
|
customised
|
D.
|
ordinary and
commonplace |
|
5.
|
convenient |
E.
|
without limits |
VIII.
Watch the video and put the sentences in the correct order.
A.
Generative
artificial intelligence could make AI assistants much more common in the
future.
B.
Chatbots can
be combined with a voice assistant.
C.
There’s the
Turing test which allows determining whether text was written by a machine or a
real person.
D.
Soon it might
be more common to chat to a bot online than a human and increasingly hard to
tell the difference.
E.
It could make
it easier for people to access the wealth of information and services available
online.
F.
Chatbots
could become the new way of booking flights or finding a time where several
people can have a meeting.
G.
Websites
would have their own customised chatbots.
H.
Counterfeiting
humans could be especially helpful for customer-facing websites.
I.
In the future
we’ll all still probably frequently interact with chatbots, but in a more
mundane way.
J.
Customer-service
representatives don’t always get respect when doing their job, but unlike
humans, bots have infinite patience.
K.
These
chatbots won’t just be supplying users with information; they’ll also be doing
things for users.
L.
There are
already situations where machines can pass the Turing test, they seem to be
convincing as humans.
|
1. |
to be
left to one’s own devices |
A. |
to invent something that is not true |
|
2. |
copyright
|
B. |
to initiate legal action against someone |
|
3. |
infringement |
C. |
a collection of images |
|
4. |
ripe |
D. |
to be left alone to do something, without any assistance or guidance
from others |
|
5. |
lawsuit |
E. |
a statement that is not true |
|
6. |
stock
archive |
F. |
ready for something |
|
7. |
to sue |
G. |
a legal right granted to the creator of an original work |
|
8. |
to
scrape |
H. |
intolerant or prejudiced |
|
9. |
trademark
|
I. |
to use something quickly and
eagerly |
|
10. |
to make
things up |
J. |
the act of violating someone’s legal rights |
|
11. |
falsehood |
K. |
a legal symbol or word used to identify and distinguish a specific
product or brand |
|
12. |
misinformation
|
L. |
a legal action taken to seek compensation |
|
13. |
to come
under fire |
M. |
to repeat something without understanding |
|
14. |
bigoted |
N. |
to be criticized or attacked |
|
15. |
to drown out |
O. |
widespread |
|
16. |
embrace
|
P. |
exciting and full of energy |
|
17. |
to
hoover up |
Q. |
the effects an action or decision will have in the future |
|
18. |
to regurgitate
|
R. |
causing harm or damage |
|
19. |
vibrant
|
S. |
a task that requires effort,
skill to be done successfully |
|
20. |
prevalent |
T. |
the act of accepting something enthusiastically |
|
21. |
to
grapple with |
U. |
to make something difficult to notice by creating a more prominent message |
|
22. |
implication |
V. |
to collect from various sources |
|
23. |
crucial |
W. |
to try to understand a difficult idea |
|
24. |
challenge
|
X. |
false or inaccurate information that is spread intentionally or unintentionally |
|
25. |
detrimental |
Y. |
extremely important |
X. Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the
words from the list. You need to use all the words and phrases in the list.
post; collaging; misinformation; copyright infringement; talking back; exploited;
racist; plagiarism; text-to-image; falsehoods; critical thought; choices; wrong;
concern; impact; chatbot; reliable; challenge; internet; benefits
But
currently chatbots aren’t quite 1) _____
enough to be left to their own devices. And there are bigger worries too.
The fact
that it’s taking everybody else’s information to me is an extreme form of 2) _____. I see that as being ripe for
lawsuits.
Picture
stock archive Getty Images is currently suing Stable Diffusion, a 3) _____AI generator, for scraping its
content to produce its work and trademark infringement. Other artists are suing
other AI art generators for 4) _____their
work without consent. When it comes to text, chatbots may just parrot existing
books or articles without any citation amounting to 5) _____. And that’s not the only problem.
I wish
that copyright infringement was my only concern with conversational AI. But
it’s not. My biggest 6) _____is its
ability to make things up.
Chatbots
get things 7) _____a lot of the
time, yet present what they’re saying as truth. If enough people use them, this
could allow 8) _____and
misinformation to spread at a rapid rate. Chatbots have already come under fire
for
putting forward 9) _____or otherwise
bigoted opinions based on what they’ve read online. This tendency could be 10) _____.
Chatbots
could be used to implement the approach favoured by Vladimir Putin and Steve
Bannon, which is called “flood the zone” or flood the zone with shit, and this
is where you put out so much 11) _____about
something that the truth is actually drowned out. And if you can generate
misinformation more easily using chatbots, then that becomes much easier.
The
problem of online misinformation could be just getting started, but it’s not
just the falsehoods worrying people. The proliferation of chatbots could be
detrimental to the 12) _____in
another way.
I think
that society has the most to lose with the embrace of conversational AI. It’s
going to reduce our ability to learn, and research, and have 13) _____. If you can only chat with
something and get a response back, then you’re essentially doing away with the
open web. You are doing away with actually having 14) _____. To me, that leads to some form of dystopia.
People
might be less inclined to post good stuff on the internet because they’ll worry
that it’s all just going to get hoovered up by a 15) _____and regurgitated to other people. If the best bits are just
going to be served up directly by a chatbot, then you might say: “Well, what’s
the point? Why should I 16) _____anything
at all?” There’s a danger that the internet might become a less vibrant space.
Whatever
happens, one thing seems certain, people will not only be talking to their
machines more, but the machines will be 17) _____.
The train
has left the train station and is going at 150 miles per hour.
You are
not going to stop it.
What
would be a good concluding thought for this film in the style of The Economist?
As
chatbots become more prevalent, we must grapple with the complex implications
of their 18) _____on society.
Balancing their potential 19) _____with
the need to preserve our humanity will be a crucial 20) _____for the future.
XI. Vocabulary focus. Follow the link
below. Study the
words using flashcards, check your understanding.
Play matching vocabulary game and solve the crossword puzzle. Take a test to
check your knowledge.
XII. Watch all
the video fragments again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the
false statements.
1. A chatbot is similar to an
internet search engine, although it works differently.
2. Chatbots have recently been
invented after an application called ‘generative AI’ was first shared by
programmers.
3. Generative AI involves giving
back lots of examples of either images or text to the user, although it is
still unable to generate its own responses to queries.
4. Chatbots are trained on samples
of texts of different genres selected by a group of researchers.
5. Chatbots can learn which words
are most likely to follow other words in a sentence about any given
subject. .
6. Today chatbots can produce these
surprisingly lifelike and intelligent-sounding results. .
7. There are
limitations to what Generative AI chatbots can produce from text prompts, they
may struggle with tasks such as writing essays, poems, songs, and creating art
or music.
8. Chatbots might pose a threat to
search-engine business.
9. Using a chatbot
to choose a holiday destination or understand the meaning of a technical term
is not a good idea as they do not have the necessary knowledge to provide
helpful information; a search engine would be a much better option in these
scenarios.
10.Microsoft and Google are banning
chat functions from the use in their existing search engines.
11.Some experts in search engine
optimisation believe that Google already uses machine learning and AI.
12.AI chatbots sometimes get things
wrong as they reflect back to the user the information that’s already on the
internet.
13.As chatbots put one word after
another based on the billions of words that they’ve already read on the
internet, they learn the concepts of right or wrong or true or false.
14.Chatbots can demonstrate other
strange behaviours like expressing its love for the user.
15.In 1966 in the project volunteers interacting with a
computer program but appeared to develop
feelings for it even though they knew it was a machine.
16.The chatbots of tomorrow would be
able to use language and respond in the ways that might make people believe
that they have a friendship or they have a relationship with these
chatbots.
17.In the future, scientists will
create a first AI companion in the form of a chatbot within a humanoid
avatar.
18.In the future, an AI companion
will answer people’s questions, but will still fail to give users a chance to
do things together like watching TV or planning vacations.
19.In the future, we’ll all
frequently interact with chatbots working as customer-service
representatives.
20.Machines will not be able to pass
the Turing test which allows to tell whether text is coming from a machine or
from a real person.
21.Counterfeiting humans could be
especially helpful for customer-facing websites.
22.Chatbots could help users to book
flights or find a time where three or four people can have a meeting.
23.Getty Images and
some artists are taking legal action against AI art generators for using their
content without permission, either by scraping their images or collaging their
work.
24.There is a risk that if enough
people use chatbots, this could allow falsehoods and misinformation to spread
at a rapid rate.
25.Chatbots could potentially combat
the tactic called “flood the zone” where users disseminate vast amounts of
false information to the point that it becomes difficult to discern the truth.
26.Some experts worry that if you
can only chat with something and get a response back, then you’re essentially
doing away with having choices.
27.The fear that
chatbots will extract and redistribute their best content may discourage
individuals from posting on the internet, potentially resulting in a less
dynamic online environment.
XIII.
OVER TO YOU. Think of the use of chatbots and
chatGPT. Get ready to discuss their benefits and drawbacks. Use the questions
below to organize your ideas:
A.
What are some
potential benefits of using chatGPT in various industries?
B.
What are some
of the limitations or drawbacks of using chatGPT?
C.
How can
chatGPT be used to improve language learning and communication skills?
D.
What are some
potential future developments or advancements in chatGPT technology?
E.
How can
chatbots be used to automate routine tasks in the workplace, and what impact
can this have on productivity?
F.
What are some
of the challenges of implementing chatbots, and how can they be addressed?
G.
How do you
see the role of chatbots evolving in the future, and what new developments can
we expect to see in this area?
XIV.
FOLLOW-UP. Written assignment. Title: Exploring
the World of ChatGPT and Chatbots
Objective: After watching
a video on ChatGPT and Chatbots, research and write a report on how these
technologies are used in different fields, and how they are changing the way we
interact with computers.
Task:
1.
Watch the
assigned videos (see preceding tasks) on ChatGPT and Chatbots and take notes on
key points and concepts discussed.
2.
Research and
write a report (750-1000 words) on one
of the following topics:
The History of Chatbots: Trace the development of
chatbots from their early beginnings to their current state, including notable
examples of successful and unsuccessful chatbot applications.
The Future of Chatbots: Analyze emerging trends and
new developments in chatbot technology, and predict how chatbots will evolve in
the next 5-10 years.
Applications of Chatbots: Examine how chatbots are
currently being used in different fields, such as customer service, healthcare,
education, and entertainment, and evaluate their effectiveness.
ChatGPT and Language Learning: Discuss how ChatGPT
and chatbots can be used as effective language learning tools, and provide
examples of how they have been used in language education.
3.
Include at
least three credible sources in your report, and cite them using APA style.
4.
Submit your
report via the online platform provided by the teacher/via e-mail.
Assessment: Your report will be assessed based on
the following criteria:
Clarity and coherence of the writing
Accuracy and relevance of the information presented
Use of credible sources and correct citation style
Demonstrated understanding of the key concepts discussed in the video
and during class discussions.
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