Watch the video and put the words
into the gaps in the text
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- What inspired you to create C++?
-In the really old days people had to write their
code directly to work on the (1)___. They wrote load and store instructions
to get stuff into our memory and they played about it with (2)____ and (3)____
and stuff. You could do a pretty good work with that but it was very
specialized. Then, they've figured out that you could build languages fit for
humans, for specific areas, like they built Fortran for engineers and
scientists, they've built COBOL for businessmen. And then, in the
mid-sixties, a bunch of Norwegians, mostly, Ole-Johan Dahl
and Kristen Nygaard, thought:
“Why can't we get language that is sort of fit for humans for all domains,
not just linear algebra or business?” And they built something called “(4)___”
that's where they introduced the class as the thing you have in the program
to represent a concept in your (5)_____ world. So if you're a (6)_____ the (7)_____
will become a class; if you are a businessman, a personnel record might
become a class; in telecommunications a dial buffer might become a class. You
are going to represent just about anything as a class. And they went a little
bit further and represented relationships between classes any (8)_____
relationship could be done as a bunch of classes, so you could say that a
fire engine is a kind of a truck which is a kind of a car which is a kind of
vehicle and organize things like that. This became known as object oriented
programming also in some variants of the state abstraction. And my idea was very simple: to take the
ideas from Simula for general (9)_____ for the benefit of sort of humans representing things, so
humans could get it, with no level
stuff, which at that time, was the best language for that was 'C' which was
done in at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchy. And take those two ideas
and bring them together so that you could do (10)_____ abstraction but
efficiently enough, and close enough to the hardware for really demanding
computing tasks. And that is where I came in, and so С++ has classes like
Simula but they run as fast as С-code, so the combination becomes very
useful.
-What makes C++ such a widely used language?
-Yeah I said if I have to characterize C++'s
strength, it comes from the ability to have abstractions and have them so
efficient that you can afford it in infrastructure, and you can (11)_____
hardware directly as you often have to do with (12)_____, with real-time
control, things like cell phones. And so the combination gives something that
is good for infrastructure in general. Another aspect that is necessary for
infrastructure is stability. When you build an infrastructure it could be
sort of the lowest level of IBM (13)_____ talking to the hardware for higher
lever for software, which is the place we use in C++, or a fuel injector for
a large marine diesel engine or a (14)_____ it has to be stable for decade or
so, because you can't afford to fiddle with the stuff all the time, you can't
afford to re-write it, and taking one of those ships into harbor costs a lot
of money. And so you need a language that’s not just good at what it's doing,
you have to be able to rely on it being available for decades on a variety of
different hardwares, and to be used by programmers over a decade or two, at
least. C++ is now about three decades old. And if that's not the case you
have to re-write your code over the time, and that happens primarily with
experimental languages and with proprietary (15)______ that changed to finish
(16)_____ or to meet fads. C++'s problem is the complexity part because we
have not been able to clean it up. There are still codes written in the 80s
that are running. And people don't like their (17)_____ to break. It could
cost them millions or more.
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hardware
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mathematician
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application
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bytes
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matrix
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high-level
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bits
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hierarchical
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Simula
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application
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abstraction
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mainframes
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browser
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commercial languages
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running codes
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access
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fads
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operating systems
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1 Vocabulary focus. Sudy the words andword combinations, practise their translation, spelling. Check your knowledge
in the test. Play vocabulary game and set your own vocabulary game record.
2 Answer the Questions
1. What is Simula?
2. What is object
oriented programming?
3. Who created
programming language C?
