1 Watch the video and put the words into the gaps in the text.
As part of the attempt to 1______
our world human beings have always tried to order and 2______ this vast
diversity of life. For many years it was believed that every living 3______
could be placed in either one of two broad categories: the 4_____ kingdom and
the plant kingdom.
It was a Swedish 5_____ Carl von
Linne in the 18th century who was the pioneer of a 6______ classification.
Von Linne, known as Lynnaeus, proposed
methods of classification based on form and 7_____ that we still use widely
today, although our understanding of the natural world is vastly greater now
than it was in the mid 1700s. Back to him a bit later. In the nineteenth
century the two kingdom system was defined more 8______. Each organism was
carefully fitted into 9______, bearing in mind Darwin’s new theory of 10______ which tried
to show how 11______ animals and plants evolved from simpler organisms. The
animal kingdom contained all the organisms which take in and 12_______ food
and usually move around to 13______ it.
While the plant kingdom contained all those which remain stationary
and manufacture their own food by 14_____.
(A mushroom).
But 15_____ presented more of a
problem: they remain stationary like plants, but 16_____ organic material
directly into their bodies like animals. Because they seemed on balance to
have more 17_____ with plants than animals, they were placed in the plant
kingdom. (The kingdoms are defined by circles.) When optical 18______
appeared on the scene, biologists discovered a wide variety of 19_____
organisms. Some, like 20_____, remain stationary and photosynthesize like
plants. These were classified as single-celled 21____, or simple plants, and
were placed in the 22______ kingdom. (Their circle adheres to the plant
circle.)
Others, such as 23_____, take in
food like animals and so they were classified as Protozoa, from the Greek
word ‘first 24_____’, and were placed in the animal kingdom. (The Protozoa
circle extends from the animal circle.) But some single-celled organisms have
the 25_____ of both animals and plants. Euglena usually 26______ its own food
by photosynthesis. When it’s deprived of light; however, it then takes in food
like an animal. (A tube-shaped Euglena.) So some biologists classified
Euglena as a 27______ and placed it in the animal kingdom. But others said it
should be classified as an alga and placed in the plant kingdom. It was 28______
to decide who was right. Then some
organisms were discovered that were many times smaller than the described.
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animal
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classify
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organism
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understand
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obtain
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function
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place
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complex
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scientifically
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digest
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botanist
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evolution
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photosynthesis
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biological
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plant
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fungi
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microscopes
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absorb
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desmids
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algae
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in common
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single-celled
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animals
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Protozoan
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manufactures
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impossible
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Amoeba
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characteristics
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2 Vocabulary focus. Study the words and word combinations, practise
their translation, spelling. Check your knowledge
in the test. Play vocabulary game and set your own vocabulary game record.
3 Mark the following statements as True or False.
1 In the past people believed that all living organisms could be divided
into four classes.
2 Animal kingdom and bird kingdom were the biggest classes..
3 Carl von Linnei is the same person as Lynnaeus.
4 For Lynnaeus form and function of organisms were very important.
5 Lynnaeus developed classification and we use it today.
6 Darwin’s
theory is not important for classification of organisms.
7 Organisms in plant kingdom do not move.
8 Fungi formed a separate class.
9 All single-celled organisms were part of animal kingdom.
10 The word Protozoa means ‘first animals’.
11 Mushrooms are examples of Protozoa.
4 Answer the Questions.
1 What classes of living
organisms are described in the video?
2 What was the basis of classification for Lynnaeus?
3 What does Darwin’s
theory of evolution explain?
4What were the characteristics of members of
animal kingdom?
5 What were the characteristics of members of
plant kingdom?
6 Why were fungi different?
7 Why was optical microscope important for
classification of living organisms?
8 What kingdom did single-celled algae belong
to?
9 What were the characteristics of Amoeba? What
kingdom did it belong to?
10 What were the characteristics of Euglena?
