The Environmental Report

Logistics businesses across the world are constantly searching for new ways to keep the costs of fuel down, so that they can stay in business. Governments and consumers are also demanding that companies play their part to reduce the threat of climate change. So, what does this mean for logistics businesses? The answer is simple - they have to take action to reduce their carbon footprint. We have looked at some of the latest environmental developments in the logistics industry and our findings are reported here.

1. Air Transport

Larger planes Moving goods by air produces high levels of CO2. Larger planes help logistics companies maximize the amount of goods that can be moved for the fuel that is used. The Airbus A380F is a good example.

Use of biokerosene fuel Biofuel is made from plants and is lighter than normal aviation fuel. This weight advantage allows you to move more goods or enables you to fly for longer. This can reduce carbon emissions. Air France and KLM already use this fuel.

2. Rail Transport

Double height containers These are stacked one on top of the other on freight trains. This method is currently used in Canada. It’s not possible to use this method in the UK because our bridges are too low.

Rail network electrification This reduces the need for diesel powered trains. Electric power is cleaner and tends to be more efficient per km. The overall environmental benefit depends on the method of generation used for the electricity to run the network. Electrification can be found in many European countries.

Moving more goods off the road and on to trains New rail facilities are being developed in continental Europe and the UK. The port of Felixstowe now offers 28 daily rail services to 16 UK destinations, and in the future 26% of containers landed will be transported by rail. Both Stobart and Tesco use trains to transport goods.

Electric freight trains These are now running regularly from the Midlands (in England) to Scotland. These trains enable CO2 reductions of 30%, compared to diesel powered trains and will deliver an annual carbon saving of 7,500 tonnes. Examples of logistics companies which use electric freight trains are Stobart and DB Schenker.

Train driving technique Drivers are trained to anticipate when they need to change speed and when they need to respond to signals on the track. This training can reduce the level of fuel consumed by the train. DB Schenker already has this training in place.

3. Road Transport

New fuel efficient tyres Special tyres (e.g. Goodyear Fuelmax) have been produced, which have a high silicone content. This makes the tyre harder at high speed. Hard tyres mean less rolling resistance with the road surface. This results in lower fuel consumption at high speeds. Various logistics companies are trialling these tyres in the UK.

Lorry driver training Intensive training to improve the driving style of lorry drivers can reduce fuel consumption by up to 10%. Tesco and many large logistics firms in the UK provide this training to their drivers.

More aerodynamic cab roof A large piece of plastic called a deflector is placed on the cab roof to improve the lorry’s aerodynamics. This results in lower fuel consumption. The logistics company, Stobart, uses deflectors on their lorries.

More aerodynamic trailer A curved trailer, called a ‘teardrop trailer,’ makes a lorry more aerodynamic, which results in fuel savings. Marks & Spencer uses these trailers.

Electric vehicles These do not emit CO2 but they can only travel so far before they need to be re-charged. Their size is limited and their use is restricted to urban areas. TNT Express uses these vehicles.

4. Sea Transport

Plug in at port When a ship docks in Antwerp port, Belgium, it can use the port’s electricity. This means that the ship can turn off its own main engines, which leads to fuel and cost savings.

Deeper, larger ports If shipping companies are able to use deeper, larger ports, they can use their most up to date, high capacity ships. Compared with older vessels, these newer ships are able to carry more containers. This reduces the number of ships needed and the overall emissions generated. Liverpool and Felixstowe are examples of British ports with deeper access.

Reducing ship speed on long journeys Slightly reducing a ship’s average speed can save considerable amounts of fuel on long journeys. Several shipping companies are doing this on selected routes around the world. Journey time is increased but only by a few days. Maersk and Evergreen Line are examples of companies which use this method.

Increasing the width of the Panama Canal and Suez Canal The widening of both canals will allow newer, larger ships to use them. Larger ships can carry more goods and containers. This reduces the number of ships needed and the overall emissions generated.

Using regional ports Using regional ports, such as Hull and Greenock and not just the main UK container ports (Felixstowe and Southampton) means that cargo is unloaded and loaded near to centres of population. This reduces lorry mileage from the port to its potential market place.

Vocabulary focus. Study the words and  word combinations, practise their translation, spelling. Check your knowledge in the test. Play vocabulary game and set your own vocabulary game record.

1. Translate words and word combinations from English into Ukrainian and use them in your own sentences.

 Logistics, constantly, cost, fuel, consumer to demand, to reduce, threat, to take action, carbon, environmental, to maximize, biofuel, to enable, emission, freight train, electrification, rail, to anticipate, tyre, to trial, aerodynamics, vehicle, capacity, vessel, to increase.

2. Phrase match. (Sometimes more than one choice is possible).

1	searching	A	capacity
2	high	B	trains
3	on the	C	the amount of goods
4	rolling	D	urban areas
5	freight	E	for new ways
6	reduces	F	developments
7	maximize	G	by rail
8	carbon	H	track
9	restricted to	I	climate change
10	to reduce their	J	carbon footprint
11	environmental	K	resistance
12	transported	L	emissions
13	stay in	M	the need
14	the threat of	N	action
15	to keep the	O	facilities
16	to take	P	business
17	rail	Q	costs of fuel down

3. Complete the sentences.

1.     Larger planes help …

2.     The overall environmental benefit …

3.     Governments and consumers are also demanding …

4.     This weight advantage …

5.     Their size is limited …

6.     The widening of both canals …

7.     Compared with older vessels …

8.     Using regional ports …

9.     Biofuel is made …

10. These trains enable …

4. Say if the following statements are true according to the text.

1.     Biofuel is lighter than normal aviation fuel.

2.     Biofuel allows companies to move larger goods but it is not good for long distance flights.

3.     Logistics businesses across the world are constantly searching for new ways to protect environment.

4.     Moving more goods off trains and on to the road helps reduce costs and carbon footprint.

5.     Reducing a ship’s average speed can save considerable amounts of fuel.

6.     Electric vehicles use is restricted to urban areas.

7.     Special tyres can help companies lower fuel consumption.

8.     Training can help improve the driving style of lorry drivers can reduce fuel consumption.

9.     Logistics companies have to take action to reduce levels of CO2 they produce.

10. Using double height containers is an effective method that can be used in all countries of the world.

    5. Comprehension questions.

1.     What actions should be taken by logistics businesses to protect environment?

2.     How can air transport be made more environmentally friendly?

3.     Can you give examples of any companies using innovative approaches to air transportation? What are the techniques they use?

4.     What changes in rail transport are already taking place in UK and European logistics businesses?

5.     How can driver training help reduce threat of climate change?

6.     What companies are already using new approaches to truck transportation?

7.     What problems can changes in road logistics create?

8.     Can reducing companies’ carbon footprint influence the?

9.     How can using regional ports influence transportation costs?

10. What are techniques to make a lorry more aerodynamic?

Advertising in "Mad Men"

1 Vocabulary focus. Study the words and  word combinations, practise their translation, spelling. Check your knowledge in the test. Play vocabulary game and set your own vocabulary game record.

2 Watch the video   and put the words into the gaps in the sentences.

 

1.     I just don’t know what we have to do to make these government ____ happy. They tell us to make a safer ____, we do it, and then suddenly that’s not good enough.

2.     - You know, this morning. I got a call from my ____ at Brown & Williamson, and they’re getting sued by the federal government because of the ____ _____ they made.

3.     - Yeah, we’re aware of that, Mr. Garner, but you have to realize that through the _____ of the mass media, the public is under the ____ that your cigarettes are linked to certain _____ diseases.

4.     - My granddad smoked ‘em. He died at 95 years old. He was hit by a ____.

5.     - But our hands are tied. We’re no longer ____ to advertise that Lucky Strikes are ____.

6.     - What the hell are we gonna do? We’ve already funded our own tobacco _____ center to put this whole ____ to rest.

7.     - And that’s a very good start. But it may not ____ sales.

8.     I might have a solution. At Sterling Cooper, we’ve been pioneering the burgeoning field of research, and our analysis shows that the ____ risks associated with your product is not the end of the world.

9.     Actually, it’s a fairly well-established psychological principle that society has a death wish, and if we could just tap into that, the _____ potential …

10. What the hell are you talking about? Are you ____?

11. They’ve let you know that any ad that brings up the ____ of cigarettes and health together well, it’s just gonna make people think of ____.

12. Not exactly. This is the greatest advertising ______ since the invention of cereal.

13. - ____ on you. We breed insect-repellent tobacco seeds, plant them in the North Carolina sunshine, grow it, cut it, cure it, toast it.

14. No. Everybody else’s tobacco is _____. Lucky Strike is toasted.

15. It’s a _____ on the side of the road that screams with reassurance that whatever you’re doing it’s okay.

3 Fill in the blanks in the sentences with words and word combinations, each words and word combination can be used two times.

Sue; fatal disease; advertising opportunity; rumor; manipulation of the mass media; health claim; competitor; impression; advertise; health risk; billboard

1.     The pro-Union campaign is to make a bid to attract Scots still unsure of how to vote in the referendum with _________ and press advertising campaign.

2.     Tuberculosis in cattle must be tackled or the disease will spread out of control and become a human ________.

3.     There are many display networks, each providing its own set of ____ and for businesses.

4.     At the present time it is still not clear if blogs will become a major ________.

5.     Politician is expected to say that alcohol and drug addiction should be seen as a ______ rather than a crime.

6.     The fear is an example of how a ____, especially about a place as stormy as Egypt these days, can influence Twitter users and make them believe lies.

7.     Clinics have been told not to _______ Botox in popular women’s magazines.

8.     The Intel Corporation that once just sold chips to computer makers started making everything from personal computers to supercomputers. Today the firm became _____ of Sun Microsystems Inc. and the Hewlett-Packard Company.

9.     Peta, the animal rights group, has been banned from using a ______ advert showing a baby smoking a cigar.

10. The closest ______ to the iPhone is Samsung’s Galaxy.

11. A ______ that Microsoft is releasing an iPad version of its Office software was all over the Web on Tuesday. But Microsoft says it’s just not true.

12. Doctors believe that loneliness is not a major _______.

13. Twitter has opened its doors to businesses that want to _____, as the company focuses on making money after building a huge user base.

14. Politicians believe that Congress must let gun victims _____ gun manufacturers.

15. A new study has found that most food buyers are unlikely to be influenced by ______ on products such as cereals and yogurts, preferring to shop on the basis of price, taste and brand loyalty.

16. Gordon Brown will give a talk about _____ in developing countries today when he uses a visit to the World Economic Forum.

17. Some of the biggest food firms are funding scientific research to establish _____ about their products, ranging from increasing brain power to improving driving skills.

18. The families of two baby boys who died shortly after they were born in Portlaoise hospital plan to ____ the Health Service Executive for damages in the High Court.

19. The Turkish Prime Minister has called a television boss and forced  him to remove a headline. The politician has admitted ________.

20. Using the Internet gives the ______ of connecting us to the rest of the world, it is ultimately a self-imposed sentence of solitude.

21. “The Panama Deception” is a powerful expose of the 1989 invasion of Panama, raising fundamental questions about our Government’s ______, as well as the media’s complicity.

22. Charles Wallendahl was so determined to make a good ______ in his first job that he grew a beard to appear more grown up.

4 Match the phrase to the speaker

Don Draper (the Creative Director and a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce Advertising Agency in Manhattan, NY.

Pete Campbell (Head of Accounts)

Roger Serling (a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce Advertising Agency in Manhattan, NY)

Lee Garner, Jr. (Junior) (son of Lee Garner, Sr., owner of Lucky Strike)

Lee Garner, Sr. (Senior) (owner of Lucky Strike)

Sentences № _____	Don Draper (the Creative Director and a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce Advertising Agency in Manhattan, NY
Sentences № _____	Pete Campbell (Head of Accounts)
Sentences № _____	Roger Serling (a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce Advertising Agency in Manhattan, NY)
Sentences № _____	Lee Garner, Jr. (Junior) (son of Lee Garner, Sr., owner of Lucky Strike)
Sentences № _____	Lee Garner, Sr. (Senior) (owner of Lucky Strike)

1.     They tell us to make a safer cigarette, we do it, and then suddenly that’s not good enough.

2.     But our hands are tied.

3.     You still have to get where you’re going.

4.     Manipulation of the media? Hell, that’s what I pay you for.

5.     I don’t know.

6.     What the hell are we gonna do?

7.     But it may not affect sales.

8.     What the hell are you talking about? Are you insane?

9.     I might have a solution.

10. This is the greatest advertising opportunity since the invention of cereal.

11. You still have to get where you’re going.

12. Advertising is based on one thing: happiness.

13. Yes, and we’re grateful to them.

14. If you can’t make those health claims, neither can your competitors.

15. Shame on you.

16. That’s very interesting. 

17. Well, gentlemen, I don’t think I have to tell you what you just witnessed here.

18. I get it.

19. That’s your slogan?

20. I’m not selling rifles here.

21. Let’s get out of here.

22. We can say anything we want.

23. I think you do.

24. It’s freedom from fear.

5 Match the parts of word combinations.

1	federal	A	media
2	health	B	the world
3	psychological	C	on you
4	field of	D	diseases
5	mass	E	government
6	research	F	sales
7	market	G	up the concept
8	fatal	H	claims
9	the end of	I	research
10	affect	J	center
11	bring	K	principle
12	Shame	L	potential

6 Answer the Questions

1.     What problem did Lucky Strike have?

2.     What health problems were connected with cigarettes? Did businesspeople agree that cigarettes were dangerous?

3.     How did agencies advertise cigarettes? Why was it difficult to create such an advertisement? Why had some tobacco companies been sued by government?

4.     What was Don’s first solution to the problem?

5.     What alternative advertising strategy was proposed? What psychological research was the new strategy based on?

6.     Did clients from Lucky Strike agree to use new idea and new slogan? If not what argument did they give not to accept the strategy?

7.     What was Don’s new idea? Could Lucky Strike make any heath claims or talk about health in their advertisements?

8.     Why was it important to know how cigarettes were produced? How did Don use that information?

9.     What new slogan and approach to advertising did Don propose? Why was it innovative? How could Lucky Strike be different from their competitors?

10. What other product used similar advertising strategy that could help differentiate identical products made by different firms?

11. Did clients from Lucky Strike like Don’s idea?