UA-47897071-1

Monday, 27 August 2018

Is Brexit definitely going to happen?


Is Brexit definitely going to happen?

I Study the active vocabulary and focus on Ukrainian equivalents of English words.

strike бити
definitely безумовно
controversial суперечливий
hold on зачекати
remain залишитися
majority більшість
support підтримка
means засоби
dodgy хитрий
score забити гол
trigger спровокувати
overturn відкидати
withdraw відкликати
legal правовий
advisory консультативний
backlash негативна реакція
betrayal зрада
unheard of нечуваний
 bailout криза
austerity жорсткість
clause умова
MP член парламента
sovereign повновладний
annul анулювати
déjà vu дежавю
hold організовувати
attune погоджувати
mood настрій
detect виявляти
gain momentum набирати обертів
evidence доказ
change  mind передумати
split розділяти
deadlock тупик
The Beano британський журнал дитячих коміксів
BINO (Brexit in name only) вихід Великобританії з Європейського Союзу (Брексіт) тільки на словах
Jacob Rees-Mogg Джейкоб Рис-Могг, налаштований скептично щодо членства Великобританії в ЄС британський політик
Walter the Softy Уолтер-Роззява, персонаж дитячих коміксів, ззовні схожий на політика Джейкоба Рис-Могга
delay затримувати
water down послаблювати
deal угода
amount кількість
certain певний
loom large становити велику загрозу

II Vocabulary focus. Study the words and  word combinations, check your understanding using flashcards, practise their translationspelling. Check your knowledge in the test. Play matching vocabulary game (match words to their translations to make cards disappear)  and save the planetfrom asteroids by typing in correct translation of the words.


III Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the words from the list. There are some words you don’t need to use.



Remember; advisory; question; difficulty; quest; first; parliament; organisation; definition; referendum; strikes; controversial; article; leave; March; referendum; overturning; politicians; scenarios; relations; returning; player; lies; football; lethal; comment; majority; historic; definitely; slides; referee; overturn; mayor; caused; sides; options; campaign; legal; big; means; flies; triggered; legal; voted; return; problem; chose; before
  

On the 29 1)________  2019, when the clock 2)________  11, Britain will officially 3)________  the European Union. It will be a 4)________  moment. No country has ever left the EU 5)________  .
- The mess 6)________  by Brexit is the biggest 7)________  in the history of EU/UK 8)________  .
 But is Brexit still 9)________  going to happen? Even asking this 10)________  is 11)________  . I can see you heading for the 12)________  section but hold on.
 -52% for leave, 48% for remain.
 Although the 13)________  in 2016 was close, more British people voted for Brexit than have 14)________  for anything else ever.
-        It is 17,410,742.
 But it was also the 15)________  time in British history that voters 16)________  something that did not have a 17)________  support in 18)________  . Now there’s a growing 19)________  focused on keeping Britain in the EU by any 20)________  necessary.
-        The 21)________  result, if I’ll compare it to a 22)________  match, there was a dodgy 23)________  , the opposition had one extra 24)________  and the goal was scored in the 96th minute. It was based on 25)________  .
-        Britain may have 26)________  article 50 and begun the exit process under EU law, but 27)________  Brexit is still theoretically possible.
-        Our 28)________  50 letter could be withdrawn without cost or 29)________  , legal or political.
The EU, for all its technical, 30)________  language, is a deeply political 31)________  .
-        It’s going well, it’s very very well organised.
If both 32)________  , Britain and the EU, agreed to stop Brexit, they would find a way to do it. That is a very 33)________  if. So let’s look at the 34)________  . It boils down to three main 35)________  . First up, the 36)________  stop Brexit by themselves.
-        It’s important to 37)________  that parliament by itself has the 38)________  authority to 39)________  the referendum. The referendum was 40)________  .

IV Watch the video and choose the correct option to complete the sentences.



For Brexit to take effect/affection/defect, a majority of members of parliamentary/parliament/treatment have to allow/glow/follow it through. If enough Peers/MPs/MP3s decided to cancel Brexit, in theory/theoretic/theorize at least they could do so but it would mean parliament overrun/overdo/overturning the result of a democratic/democrat/democracy referendum. It would almost certain/certainty/certainly provoke a massive backlash/clashing/background.
-        I fear that the great Brexit betrayal/trailing/beetle has begun.
But politics/politicians/politically overturning referendums isn’t unearthed/unheard/unnoticed of in Europe. As recently/recent/late as 2015, Greek voters said no to an EU ball out/bailout/billing that came with major austerity/hysterical/steering clauses. In the end though Greek/meek/weak MPs ignored their voting/voted/voters and overturned the referendum result/salts/resulting to keep Greece in the eurozone.
-        Parliament is reigning/solely/sovereign, if the MPs so chose, they could just quote/vote/promotion to annul/annual/annually the referendum and to domain/remain/main in the European Union. That of course isn’t going to happen/happy/happening, I don’t think, because it’s a very glad/sadly/bad look.
So what about something a little easier to imagine?
-        Is there a case for a second referendum? Undoubtedly there is…
-        You’re joking? Not another one!
 You’ve probably/undoubted/dubiously heard a lot of talk about a possibility/possible/solvable second referendum and the EU has a rich history/hysteria/historical of rerunning referendums. …
-        …just thrown a massive spanner into the mechanism that decides how the European Union will be run.
Ireland quoted/doted/voted to reject the EU’s Lisbon treaty/treated/pity in 2008. Irish voters were then masked/asked/ask to vote again in the efficacy/face/force of an economic crisis/critic/iris.
-Is this some kind of a deja vu?
The reckoned/second/secondly time around, they voted the opposite/opposition/position way.
-        Five hundred and ninety-four thousand, six hundred and six.
A second referendum is still pretty unlikely/unlinked/liking. Parliament would have to degree/agreement/agree to it for a start and so it would come down/calming down/come back to those MPs again and tide/time/rhyme is running out fast. There’s also the question/tension/procrastination of what a second referendum would ask. Leave vs remain again? Or a three-way voice/choice/chose between a deal, no deal and no Brexit with the proviso that the EU will have a lot to say about what it wants/quotes/wanted.


V Watch the video and fill in the gaps in the text.



- If the 1)______ is to get a clear 2)______, I don’t know if that is going to be possible with three 3)______ because it might actually complicate things even more if the 4)______ are too close. The 5)______ is allowed to ask the same 6)______ again. But in this case, for the 7)______, they need to accept that there’s a new ground to 8)______ on, a new question to vote on and they’re not simply being asked to 9)______ their answer.
 The Conservatives in government, and Labour in 10)______, are committed to carrying out Brexit and for now they’re 11)______ against holding a new 12)______.
-        We’re not asking for a second referendum.
But 13)______ are highly attuned to the 14)______ mood. If enough of them detected a clear 15)______ calling for a new referendum, the idea might just gain 16)______.
-        There’s been a slight shift in public 17)______ with more people now thinking voting to 18)______ was a wrong decision than the right 19)______.  But it’s slight and there’s no real 20)______ of people switching in large 21)______ from leave to remain at the moment, i.e. very few people seem to have 22)______ their minds.

With parliament split on the best 23)______ to deliver Brexit, a new referendum could help break the deadlock and even reverse the 24)______ result.
Finally, there’s the 25)______ that most worries Brexiteers. Bino. No, not the Beano. Although Jacob Rees-Mogg has been compared to Walter the Softy. This is the 26)______ that Brexit will be delayed or watered down so much that what Britain ends up with is barely any different to what came 27)______.
-        So within the 28)______ party in particular there is this arguments about Brexit having to be done properly, rather than in a sort of 29)______ way that Teresa May seems to be suggesting now.
-        Could the Prime Minister inform the House at what point it was decided that “Brexit means remain”?
So, no independent trade deals, no restrictions on 30)______, no real reduction in the amount Britain pays into the 31)______. The prime 32)______ has promised this won’t happen over and 33)______ again.
-        Brexit means Brexit.
But as Brexit Day approaches, Britain’s new 34)______ with the EU seems as undecided as ever. Brexit might not be possible to 35)______, but one thing is certain: the EU will continue to loom large over British 36)______. 


VI Watch the video and read the text above. Say if the statements below are true or false. Correct the false statements.
1 Brexit has already happened.
2 More than 50% of people voted for leaving the EU.
3 Few people came to Brexit referendum.
4 Overturning Brexit is legally possible.
5 All British political parties want to stop Brexit.
6 More than 50% of voters now believe that they were wrong to vote for leaving the EU.
7 There will be a second referendum about leaving the EU.
8 No European countries have ever annulled the results of a referendum.
9 There is a possibility that Brexit will change nothing; it will be only on paper.
10 Now there are three options concerning Brexit.

VII Watch all the parts of the video and answer the questions.

1 When will Brexit take place? Will it definitely happen?
2 How did people vote in Brexit referendum?
3 What was the legal status of the referendum? Can MPs annul the results of the referendum?
4 Can politicians organize the second referendum? Have there ever been second referendums that changed the voters’ minds?
5 Can politician stop Brexit? Why or why not? What problems might it cause?
6 Are all political parties in Britain Brexit supporters? What is the role of the Prime Minister in Brexit controversy?
7 How do people feel about Brexit now? Do they want to vote again?
8 What choices are there concerning Brexit? What is the problem with these three options?
9 Have voters in Britain changed their minds about Brexit yet?


VIII OVER TO YOU. List arguments for and against Brexit. Get ready to support your point of view while discussing the issue with other students.



Saturday, 25 August 2018

After you: the psychology of queues and how to beat them


After you: the psychology of queues and how to beat them
I Study the active vocabulary and focus on Ukrainian equivalents of English words.


queue черга
chaotic хаотичний
feed живити
anxiety занепокоєння
in the back of the queue в хвості черги
loads велика кількість
devoted to присвячений
occur виникати
demand попит
exceed перевищувати
supply пропозиція
wind up накручувати, дратувати
desire бажання
fairness справедливість
first come, first served перший прийшов - перший отримав
upset засмучений
transgress порушувати
valuable цінний
steal вкрасти
oven піч
meter лічильник (на парковці)
ingrained вкорінений
fair play гра за правилами
override переважувати
duration тривалість
serpentine який звивається
multiple числений
ahead попереду
ultimate крайній
annual щорічний
guide  керівництво
queue jumping порушення порядку черги, спроба пройти поза чергою
acceptable прийнятний
tolerate терпіти
irritated роздратований
equally однаково
police підтримувати порядок
directly безпосередньо
affect впливати
psychologist психолог
fan out розділитися
confront протистояти
tut висловлювати незадоволення
sigh зітхати
seethe кипіти
butt висовуватися
ground грунтуватися
browse переглядати
quit кидати
doughnut пончик
average середній
backfire мати зворотній ефект, мати ефект протилежний очікуваному
digital цифровий
read-out зчитування
anticipated очікуваний
precise точний
silver lining позитивний бік
desirable бажаний
willing охочий
advantage перевага
item позиція
transaction фінансова операція
unpredictable непередбачуваний
right-handed правша
inbuilt вбудований
bias упередження
equal однаковий
in clear view на виду
cashier касир
get to someone дістати когось


II Vocabulary focus. Study the words and  word combinations, check your understanding using flashcards, practise their translationspelling. Check your knowledge in the test. Play matching vocabulary game (match words to their translations to make cards disappear)  and save the planetfrom asteroids by typing in correct translation of the words.

III Answer the questions using words and word combinations from Task 1
1 Where do you queue most often? How long do you spend in queues?
2 How do you feel about queueing? What are your emotions while you are in the queue?
3 Where are the longest queues in your city? Why do people have to wait in the queues?
4 What do you do when you have to stand in a queue to pass the time (reading, talking, etc.)?
5 Do people in your city jump queues? If yes, who does it most often?
6 Where do people jump queues most often (in supermarkets, in cinemas, etc.)?
7 How do you react when you see someone jumping your queue? How do other people behave? Do people confront queue jumpers?


IV Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the words from the list. There are some words you don’t need to use.




Young; deepest; instinct; ingrained; simplification; angry; essentially; feeling; valuable; supply; queue; minutes; served; occurs; anger; stealing; fishes; queue; friendliness; gradient; demand; complicated; transport; in front of; situations; drops; minutes; simple; fairness; first; pride; key; fairness; override; reason; oven; shops; stressful; pushes; hourly; anxieties;
why; upset
  

Queues. At the 1)_______, in your car, on public 2)_______, even to get into restaurants. They’re 3)_______. Sometimes chaotic. And they feed our 4)_______national  5)_______.
-        And the UK is going to be in the back of the 6)_______.
There’s loads of 7)_______thinking devoted to queueing, but actually it’s pretty 8)_______.
-        Queueing 9)_______when the real​-​time 10)_______for service exceeds the real-time 11)_______for service.
So why do we 12)_______? And 13)_______does it wind us up so much? Well, 14)_______it comes down to a human desire for 15)_______and a simple rule of 16)_______come, first 17)_______.
-        Queues are almost micro-social 18)_______; everybody seems to get 19)_______if those rules are transgressed… So for example if somebody 20)_______in at the head of a queue, most people will be actually quite 21)_______about that.
-        And the 22)_______people get angry is that as they’re thinking: “Oh, you think your 23)_______of life are more 24)_______than my minutes of life. So you’re 25)_______some of my minutes of life, so I have to spend in the queue longer because you’re going 26)___  __  __ me.
- Is everyone you cut in front of an …?
- I have children in the car.
- I got a cake in the 27)_______. He’s got three 28)_______left on the meter. She’s got a lunch meeting.
 29)_______is something deeply 30)_______in us. Studies show that even from a very 31)_______age, we have a natural 32)_______for fair play. And this 33)_______is so strong, that it can pretty much 34)_______everything else.


V Watch the video again and choose the correct option to complete the sentences.



-        People view fairness/transgress/success in queueing as more potent/present/important than the duration/connection/affection of the wait. Research/researched/reach has shown that in fast-food restrooms/restaurants/chain customers would prefer a quid/few/queue which is single serpentine, guaranteed/guarantor/warrant first come first served that has twice the several/average/leverage wait than a fast-food restaurant which has parallel multiple queues where chances/changes/alliances are somebody who comes into the restaurant after you get earned/server/served before you.
-        ​I was in line ahead/forehead/behead of him! I was ahead of him!
-        Yeah, well you shouldn’t have changed wine/vine/line.
 Pushing in, or cutting/butting/chatting the line is the ultimate no-no, and in some places this is taken very serious/seriously/severity. The Wimbledon tennis gamer/championship/champion in London provides an annual exempt/example/sample of British queueing at its best. In phase/race/case anyone’s forgotten their banners/manners/mannerism, visitors are presented with a 29-page guide/guild/kite on how to do it. And a queueing part/cord/card with the most important rule of all: Queue jumping/humping/lumping is not exception/acceptable/excellence and will not be tolerated/tolerant/tolerance.
- Stretch us to the front.
- No cutting!
-        All right dudes, chill! We’ll wait.
 A study of U2 fans found that they were just as irritated/inflated/rated by people cutting in behold/hindered/behind them as cutting in in front. Which suggests/suggestion/infests that these long queues worked as civilian/society/social systems, just like societies do.
-        Generally, people don’t rare/care/beware that someone is cutting into the queue behind them, but in the U2 queue they actually cared equally/folly/total, which suggests that these wrongly/tong/long queues work as social systems/systematically/stems just like societies do. In other words, the social norms/forms/normally in this queue seemed to be that everything/average/everyone was policing the queue even if it didn’t directly affect/effective/affection themselves. 
Another study in the 1980s was led by the psychology/physiologist/psychologist Stanley Milgram. He instructed his students/pupil/studies to fan out across New York City, and push into queues between the three/third/bird and fourth person. Surprisingly only 10% of queue-jumpers were confronted/affront/affronting and thrown out of the line. Most of us will tut and signature/signing/sigh and seethe all right. But we won’t actually do anything/everyone/anyone.
 - Don’t butt!



VI Watch the video and fill in the gaps in the text.




So we 1)_______ that queueing is grounded in 2)_______. But that doesn’t mean we have to 3)_______ it. And that can definitely be a 4)_______ if you’re trying to sell 5)_______ stuff.
-        Most customers 6)_______ the last thing that happened to them. They might spend an hour and a half 7)_______ through a shop having an absolutely 8)_______ time. But then they will take away the 9)_______ experience of five seconds in the 10)_______.
Businesses know all this and, working with 11)_______, they’ve developed ways to 12)_______ you quitting and going elsewhere. Krispy Kreme let you watch their 13)_______ being made in a kind of viewing gallery behind the glass. Disneyland shows you average waiting 14)_______ to help you feel more in 15)_______. But too much information can backfire. 
-        We’ve done 16)_______ in Boston with my students in a 17)_______ where we had a digital read-out of the anticipated wait and it was correct to the nearest 18)_______. And what happened is that it 19)_______ people’s attention on the duration of the wait.
The 20)_______ was so precise, the waiting was all people could think about.  And even though long 21)_______ are a massive pain, there is a silver lining - for businesses at least. Long queues mean your 22)_______ is highly desirable. And studies have shown, that once you are in the 23)_______ the longer it gets, the more you’re willing to 24)_______.
 But while psychology can be used 25)_______ you to keep you in a queue, there are definitely 26)_______ to turn it to your advantage as well. So what is the 27)_______ way to queue? Choose your line 28)_______. One 29)_______ with loads of items will probably be 30)_______ than lots of people with only a few 31)_______. Scanning multiple items is quick, it’s all the other parts of the 32)_______ that can be unpredictable. If you have a choice of left or 33)_______, go left. Studies show most 34)_______, being 35)_______, have an inbuilt bias to turn right if all other things are 36)_______. So try turning left instead. Pick a queue in clear 37)_______ of the cashier.
If the 38)_______ can see how their work is shortening the 39)_______, they tend to work 40)_______. But whatever you do, stay calm, don’t let the queue 41)_______ to you.


VII Watch the video and read the text above. Say if the statements below are true or false. Correct the false statements.
1 Most queues are well-organised and people are happy to wait.
2 Political leaders can use queues to illustrate their ideas of leaving other nations behind.
3 People queue because they believe in fairness.
4 In social situations rules are not important and can easily be transgressed.
5 Sometimes people don’t value other people’s time.
6 People will always choose multiple queues in fast-food restaurants because they are more organized.
7 At Wimbledon queueing is very important and there are special rules of waiting in lines.
8 People are equally irritated if someone cuts in front of them or behind them.
9 Experiments show that queue-jumpers are always confronted.
10 People need to focus on something in the queue so some shops create displays for the waiting customers.
11 It’s always a good idea to know the exact time left to wait.
12 In supermarkets most people choose queues to their left.
13 Cashier should see the end of the queue to work longer.
14 There is nothing good for the business when clients queue in the shop.
15 People tend to quit long queues but spend money if the queue is short.


VIII Watch all the parts of the video and answer the questions.

1 Where con we find queues?
2 Why do people queue?
3 What is the psychological reason for queueing?
4 How are queues and fair play connected?
5 How do people in a queue feel if someone pushes in front of them? Do they do anything?
6 Why do people in fast-food restaurants prefer single queues?
7 What is more important in a queue: time of wait or fairness?
8 What is first come first served principle?
9 What is special about U2 fans waiting in queues?
10 How are queues similar to or different from social situations?
11 What can businesses do to make people’s time in queues more enjoyable? Can you remember any examples?
12 Why knowing the exact time of waiting sometimes backfire?
13 When are people more likely to spend money: when they have to wait in a long or a short queue?
14 What is the best way to choose a queue in a supermarket?
15 What country is used as an example of extreme queueing rules in the video?

IX OVER TO YOU. Are there any rules or regulation about queueing in your country (thing you can do in the queue (can you smoke), distance between people in the queue, leaving the queue, etc.)? What are they? Prepare a short talk (2 minutes) to inform your friend or colleague from abroad about queueing culture in your country.