UK National Health Service Explained

UK National Health Service

Explained

I Study the active vocabulary and focus on Ukrainian equivalents of English words.

creation створення

workforce трудові ресурси

free безкоштовний

charge стягувати плату

ambulance швидка допомога

per capita на душу населення

spending витрати

sprawl розтягувати

entity суб'єкт господарювання

baffling незбагненний

array безліч

board колегія

bitter opposition сильне протистояння

paymaster скарбник

rhyming slang римований сленг

turbulent бурхливий

advance прогрес

polio поліомієліт

diphtheria дифтерія

vaccination вакцинація

drastically радикально

contraceptive pill протизаплідна таблетка

test-tube baby дитина, яка народилась в результаті штучного запліднення

keyhole surgery лапароскопія

gene therapy генотерапія

failure провал

appalling жахливий

neglect нехтування

vulnerable вразливий

cost-cutting скорочення витрат

target ціль

endanger загрожувати

staffing кадрове забезпечення

stretched перевантажений

shortage нестача

commonplace звичайний

founding principle основоположний принцип

II Vocabulary focus. Study the words and  word combinations, check your understanding using flashcards, practise their translation, spelling. Check your knowledge in the test. Play matching vocabulary game (match words to their translations to make cards disappear)  and save the planet from asteroids by typing in correct translation of the words.

https://quizlet.com/285673463/uk-national-health-serviceexplained-flash-cards/?new

III Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the words from the list. There are some words you don’t need to use.

Operated; world; genetic; baby ; voluntary ; actually ; operation; operate on; cost ; visit ; most; workforce;  sounds ; dawn; workflow; sprawling ; creation; surgeries ; budget ; drawn; hit ; non-Brits; ambulance ; baffling ; surgeon; closest; free; psyche; per capita ; boards; double ; designed; standards; numerous ; sorely ; efficient ; regulation; strategy; deciding; religion; charge ; groups; reformed;

The National Health Service has been called ‘the 1)___________ thing the British have to a 2)___________’. Ever since its 3)___________ in 1948, it’s held a special place in the national 4)___________. And right from the beginning its 5)___________ has been 6)___________ from all over the 7)___________. The one thing most 8)___________ know about the NHS is that it’s 9)___________. So if you 10)___________ the doctor, it’s free, if you need an 11)___________, it’s free, having a 12)___________ is free, parking at the hospital is…  Actually, they 13)___________ you for parking at the hospital, but if you get 14)___________ by a car and need to go to a hospital by 15)___________ it’s free. While the NHS may be free to use, it’s not 16)___________ free. Next year’s health 17)___________ will be something like 140 billion pounds. The total 18)___________ works out to about two thousand pounds per year per person which 19)___________ a lot but that’s actually quite low by international 20)___________. In the US, for example, 21)___________ healthcare spending is more than 22)___________ that. The NHS may be one of the most 23)___________ health services in the world, but it’s also a 24)___________ entity. UK-wide there is a 25)___________ array of NHS bodies: over 500 clinical commissioning 26)___________, health 27)___________, and hospital trusts, about 8,000 GP 28)___________ plus the 29)___________ sector, private providers, and others. It also has 30)___________ separate bodies for 31)___________, trading, good 32)___________, ooh. Where was I? If that sounds like a system 33)___________ in need of a reform? That is the 34)___________ version, the product of the 2012 Act of Parliament 35)___________ to give much more power to doctors and 36)___________ how the money gets spent.

IV Watch the video and fill in the gaps in the text.

In fact, the whole 1)___________ of the NHS is a series of 2)___________ between 3)___________ and doctors. When the Labour 4)___________ first created the NHS in 1948, it was in the face of bitter 5)___________ from the doctors’ trade union, British Medical Association. One leading member of the BMA at the time said the NHS was the first 6)___________ and a big one towards national 7)___________ and called the Health Minister, Aneurin Bevan, a medical Fuhrer. Move 8)___________ to the present day, doctors are barely more 9)___________ about their political 10)___________. The current Health Secretary, Jeremy Hunt, has found his name’s become, 11)___________ for him, rhyming 12)___________ for c…. But if NHS history has been politically 13)___________, it has also been packed with clinical 14)___________. In 1958 polio and diphtheria 15)___________ were rolled out nationally, drastically 16)___________ deaths from these 17)___________. In the 1960s the contraceptive pill was given first to married women, then all 18)___________ who wanted it. 1978 saw the world’s first test-tube baby 19)_____  ______, 1979 the first UK heart 20)___________. The 1980s saw pioneering use of keyhole 21)___________ and in 2002 the first gene 22)___________. But with glorious 23)___________ there have also been terrible 24)___________. In 2013 a report into appalling patient 25)___________ at Stafford Hospital identified hundreds of 26)___________ people who 27)___________ at the hands of staff and 28)____   _______ a culture change in the NHS. Patients, the report said, were let down by a system that put 29)___________ and target chasing ahead of the 30)___________ of care. Winter brings the services biggest 31)___________. Seasonal colds and flus can 32)___________ the already sick, staffing is stretched, and most non-hospital 33)___________ close for the holidays. Hospital bed 34)___________ are 35)___________ in winter. Despite these challenges, the NHS mostly works and its 36)___________ principle remains a point of 37)___________: ‘universal health care free at the point of use’.  

V Watch all the parts of the video and answer the questions.

1 What is NHS and what principles is it founded on?

2 Which of the services provided by the NHS are free?

3 What is the history of the UK National Healthcare service? What is the relationship between the Healthcare Service and UK politics or politicians?

4 What components apart from hospitals does of the National Healthcare service include?

5 What is the annual healthcare spending in the UK?

6 What were the biggest advances of the NHS?

7 What problems does the National Healthcare service have?  

VI OVER TO YOU. Try to briefly explain the basics of your national healthcare system and compare it to the UK National Healthcare Service. What are the similarities? Are there any differences?

What is a Central Bank?

I Study the active vocabulary and focus on Ukrainian equivalents of English words.

primary первинний

money supply грошова маса

require вимагати

lender of last resort кредитор останньої інстанції

bank insolvency неплатоспроможність банку

financial crisis фінансова криза

shortage дефіцит

failing крах

price stability стабільність цін

inflation інфляція

regulatory регулюючий

monetary policy кредитно-грошова політика

note банкнота

coin монета

in circulation в обігу

capacity компетенція

fiscal policy фіскальна політика

divest позбавлятись

 II Vocabulary focus. Study the words and  word combinations, check your understanding using flashcards, practise their translation, spelling. Check your knowledge in the test. Play matching vocabulary game (match words to their translations to make cards disappear)  and save the planet from asteroids by typing in correct translation of the words.

III Watch the video and fill in the gaps in the text.

     

     Welcome to the investors Trading Academy talking glossary of 1)_____ terms and events. Our word of the day is a ‘central bank’. Every 2)_____ has a central bank.  In the 3)_____ it is the Federal Reserve, in the 4)_____ it is the Bank of England, and for 5)_____ it is the European Central Bank. The primary 6)_____ of a central bank is to manage the nation’s money 7)_____ through activities, duties such as managing 8)__    ___, setting the reserve requires, and acting as a 9)_____ of last resort to the banking sector during times of bank insolvency or financial 10)_____. The central bank has been 11)_____ as the lender of last resort, which means that is responsible for providing its economy with funds when commercial banks cannot cover a 12)_____ shortage. In other words, the central bank prevents this country’s 13)__     ___ from failing. However, the primary 14)_____ of central banks is to provide their country’s 15)_____ with price stability by controlling 16)_____. A central bank also acts as the regulatory authority of the country’s monetary policy and is the sole provider and 17)_____ of notes and coins in 18)_____. Time has proved that a central bank can best function in these capacities by remaining 19)_____ from 20)_____ fiscal policy and therefore uninfluenced by the political concerns for any regime. The central bank should also be completely divested of any 21)_____ banking interests.

IV Watch all the parts of the video and answer the questions.

1.    What central banks are mentioned in the video? What countries are these central banks situated in?

2.    What is the main function of central banks?

3.    How can central bank help save the country’s banking system in times of crisis?

4.    What is the connection between central banks and commercial banks in times of crisis?

5.    What banks print banknotes and mint coins?

6.    What is the connection between government and central banks?

7.    Do central banks need to pay attention to political parties and political tendencies to work successfully?

8.    What is a lender of last resort?

9.    How is central bank connected to inflation?

V Write questions for the underlined part of the sentence.

1.    Our word of the day is a ‘central bank’.

2.    Every country has a central bank.

3.    In the US it is the Federal Reserve, in the UK it is the Bank of England.

4.    The primary function of a central bank is to manage the nation’s money supply.

5.    Central bank acts as a lender of last resort to the banking sector during times of bank insolvency or financial crisis.

6.    Every country has a central bank. 

7.    The central bank is responsible for providing its economy with funds when commercial banks cannot cover a supply shortage.

8.    The central bank prevents this country’s banking system from failing.

9.    In the US the central bank is the Federal Reserve.

10.The primary goal of central banks is to provide their country’s currency with price stability by controlling inflation.

11.A central bank acts as the regulatory authority of the country’s monetary policy.

12.A central bank is the sole provider and printer of notes and coins in circulation.

13.The central bank is responsible for providing its economy with funds when commercial banks cannot cover a supply shortage.

14.A central bank can best function in these capacities by remaining independent from government fiscal policy.

15.The primary goal of central banks is to provide their country’s currency with price stability by controlling inflation.

16.The central bank should also be completely divested of any commercial banking interests.

17.The primary goal of central banks is to provide their country’s currency with price stability by controlling inflation.

18.The central bank is responsible for providing its economy with funds when commercial banks cannot cover a supply shortage. 

VI OVER TO YOU. Find information about the Central Bank of our country. When was it established? Where is it situated? What are its main functions? Who is the head of the central bank?

Health and Nutrition: Is Gluten Really Bad for You?

Health and Nutrition

Is Gluten Really Bad for You?

I Study the active vocabulary and focus on Ukrainian equivalents of English words.

pasta – макаронні вироби

cookie – печиво

grocery – бакалія

overflow – переповнюватись

claim – претендувати

gluten free – що не містить глютену

impose – зобов’язувати

labelling – маркування

protein – білок

occur – зустрічатися

wheat – пшениця

rye – жито

barley – ячмінь

comprise – містити

dough – тісто

chewy – жувальний

texture – якість

celiac disease  – целіакія (захворювання тонкого кишківника)

spur – стимулювати

immune  – імунний

response  – реакція

damage – шкодити

intestine – кишківник

milder condition  – менш тяжкий стан

sensitivity  – чутливість

ample  – великий

blame  – звинувачувати

discomfort – дискомфорт

vast majority – переважна більшість

digest – перетравлювати

exceed  – перевищувати

billion – мільярд

double  – подвоювати

improve – поліпшувати

recent survey – недавнє опитування

indeed  – дійсно

cut out – виключати

white bread – білий хліб

dessert  – десерт

benefit  – користь

absence  – відсутність

trade – міняти

whole grain – цільне зерно

goody – смаколик

junk  – мотлох

instead – замість цього

lack  – не вистачати

fibre – клітковина

contain – містити

swear  off – відмовлятись від

  

II Vocabulary focus. Study the words and  word combinations, check your understanding using flashcards, practise their translation, spelling. Check your knowledge in the test. Play matching vocabulary game (match words to their translations to make cards disappear)  and save the planet from asteroids by typing in correct translation of the words.

III Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the words from the list. There are some words you don’t need to use.

Digesting; protein; foods; wheat; good; read; comprised; damages; compromised; American; British;  rules; gluten; cookies; sensitivity; condition; texture; sensibility; cooks it; Americans; grocery; free; elasticity; bread; discomfort; plasticity; little; bad; majority; disease; debate; flee; buns; texts; market

     Gluten 1)___________ pasta, gluten free 2)___________, gluten free 3)___________ … 4)___________ shelves and restaurants are overflowing with 5)___________ that claim to be 6)___________ free.

Just this month 7)___________ regulators imposed new 8)___________ for gluten-free labelling. So what exactly is gluten and is it 9)___________ for you? Gluten is a 10)___________ that occurs naturally in 11)___________, rye, and barley. Gluten is 12)___________ of two smaller proteins gliadin and glutenin which gives dough 13)___________ and bread its chewy 14)___________. For the less than 1% of 15)___________ with celiac 16)___________ gluten spurs an immune response that 17)___________ their intestines. Others may have a milder 18)___________ called gluten 19)___________ though there’s ample 20)___________ over whether gluten is to blame for their 21)___________. The vast 22)___________ of people, however, have 23)___________ problem 24)___________ gluten.

IV Watch the video and fill in the gaps in the text.

That’s not 1)_______ a gluten-free business 2)_______. By 2017 gluten free food 3)_______ are expected to exceed 6.6     4)_______ dollars. That’s more than 5)_______ the sales from 2010. One third of 6)_______ believe a gluten free 7)_______ improves health according to a 8)_______ survey. And  9)_______ it just might. If going gluten free involves 10)___    ____ white 11)_______ and desserts, the 12)_______ of that diet likely have more to do with the 13)_______ of sugar rather than the absence of gluten. If a gluten 14)_______ diet involves trading whole 15)_______ for gluten free goodies, it may be 16)_______. Many gluten free foods are packed with other 17)_______ instead, including 18)_______, and lack the good 19)_______ and 20)_______ of more 21)_______ foods that contain gluten. For most 22)_______ simply swearing off gluten is not the 23)_______ to better health. A gluten free 24)_______ is still a cake.

V Watch all the parts of the video and answer the questions.

1. What are new gluten free types of food?

2. What is gluten? Where can gluten be found?

3. Is gluten synthetic or natural?

4. Do people believe gluten is bad for them? Why do they believe that?

5. What are the health problems gluten can cause? Do all people have these problems?

6. Do doctors know for sure that gluten is to blame for health problems?

7. Why can gluten free diet be good for people’s health?

8. Is it always good to cut out gluten?

9. What are the types of food or dishes people on gluten free diet do not eat?

10. What can people choose to use instead of gluten? Are these alternatives healthy?

11.What are the unhealthy ingredients in gluten free products?